Chakma language

Chakma
Changmha, Daingnet
๐‘„Œ๐‘„‹๐‘„ด๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ ๐‘„ž๐‘„Œ๐‘„ด
'Changmha Bhach' in Chakma script
Native toBangladesh and India
RegionChittagong Hill Tracts
CADC, Mizoram
Tripura
Arunachal Pradesh
EthnicityChakma, Daingnet
Native speakers
150,000 in Bangladesh (2007)
228,000 in India (2011)
Chakma script, Latin script, Bengali script
Language codes
ISO 639-3ccp
Glottologchak1266
IETFccp

Chakma (/หˆtสƒษ‘หkmษ™/; autonym: ๐‘„Œ๐‘„‹๐‘„ด๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ ๐‘„ž๐‘„Œ๐‘„ด, Changmha Bhach) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Chakma and Daingnet people. The language has common features with other languages in the region like the Chittagonian, Tanchangya, Arakanese and others. It is spoken by around 380,000 people. 150,000 of these are in southeast Bangladesh, primarily the Chittagong Hill Tracts, and another 230,000 in India, including 97,000 in Mizoram, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh. It is written using the Chakma script, but literacy in this script is low.

Status

It is officially recognized by the Government of Tripura in India and also by the Government of Bangladesh. In India, it is also spoken primarily in the Chakma Autonomous District Council (CADC) which consists of the Tuichawng constituency of Lawngtlai district in Mizoram and many places in Tripura.

Although there were no Chakma language radio or television stations as of 2011, the language has a presence in social media and on YouTube. The Hill Education Chakma Script website provides tutorials, videos, e-books, and Chakma language forums.

In 2012, the Government of Tripura announced the implementation of Chakma language in Chakma Script (or Ajhฤ Pฤแนญh) in primary schools of Tripura. Imparting of education up to the elementary stage in the mother tongue is a national policy. To begin with, Chakma language subjects in its own scripts has been introduced in 87 primary schools in Chakma concentrated areas in Tripura."

"In preparation for the January 2014 education season, the national curriculum and textbook board has already started printing books in six languages ... Chakma, Kokborok (Tripura community), Marma, Santal, Sadri (Orao community) and Achik."

Mor Thengari (My Bicycle) was Bangladesh's first Chakma-language movie. However, it was banned in Bangladesh due to its controversial plot.

Phonology

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Open-mid ษ› ษ”
Open รฆ a

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Post-
alveolar
Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t k
voiced b d ษก
breathy bสฑ dสฑ ษกสฑ
Affricate voiceless tสƒ
voiced dส’
Fricative voiceless s (สƒ) h
voiced z
Nasal m n ล‹
Trill/Tap r ษฝ
Approximant w l j
  • /p/ can be heard as [ษธ] in intervocalic and word-final positions.
  • /tk/ can be heard as [tฬชสฐx] in word-initial and intervocalic positions.
  • A /สƒ/ sound is rare, and in some cases, is a free variant sound of /s/.

Medieval Chakma

The Chakma and Daingnet people now speak what may be considered divergent dialects of Magadhi Prakrit. However, this is due to language shift from a Tibeto-Burman language; that medieval language may have been related to Sak or Chairel (and therefore of the Brahmaputran branch).

Writing system

The Chakma script is an abugida that belongs to the Brahmic family of scripts. Chakma evolved from the Burmese script, which was ultimately derived from Pallava.

Sample Text

The following is a sample text in Mizo of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

Changhma Bhach English
๐‘„๐‘„ฌ๐‘„‡๐‘„ด ๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„š๐‘„ช๐‘„Œ๐‘„ด ๐‘„š๐‘„จ๐‘„ข๐‘„จ๐‘„ž๐‘„จ๐‘„ฃ๐‘„จ ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ง๐‘„ ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„จ๐‘„Œ๐‘„ด๐‘„Ž๐‘„ฎ๐‘„–๐‘„ด ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ƒ ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„‡๐‘„ด๐‘„‡๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ ๐‘„š๐‘„จ๐‘„š๐‘„ฌ๐‘„ญ ๐‘„Ž๐‘„ง๐‘„š๐‘„ด๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„š๐‘„ด๐‘… ๐‘„–๐‘„ข๐‘„ข๐‘„ด ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„ฌ๐‘„˜ ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ƒ ๐‘„๐‘„ช๐‘„–๐‘„ด๐‘„™๐‘„จ ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„Š๐‘„ฌ; ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ฌ๐‘„š๐‘„ง๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„ ๐‘„ด ๐‘„๐‘„ฌ๐‘„‡๐‘„ด๐‘„…๐‘„š๐‘„ง๐‘„ข๐‘„ด ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„ฌ๐‘„‡๐‘„ด๐‘„Ž๐‘„ง๐‘„š๐‘„ด ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„ข๐‘„ฌ๐‘„‡๐‘„ด ๐‘„Ž๐‘„ง๐‘„š๐‘„ง๐‘„ข๐‘„ด ๐‘„›๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข๐‘„ง๐‘„–๐‘„จ ๐‘„‰๐‘„ง๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ด ๐‘„˜๐‘„ฎ๐‘„ฃ๐‘„ด ๐‘„Œ๐‘„จ๐‘„˜๐‘„ณ๐‘„ ๐‘„ฌ ๐‘„š๐‘„จ๐‘„š๐‘„ฌ๐‘„ญ ๐‘„Œ๐‘„ง๐‘„ฃ๐‘„š ๐‘„…๐‘„ช๐‘„Œ๐‘„จ๐‘„–๐‘„ด๐‘… All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Educational institutions

The Chakma language is being taught in many Government and private schools in India (Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh) and Bangladesh. The Chakma language was officially introduced in primary schools by the Govt. of Tripura under The Directorate of Kokborok & Other Minority Languages in 2004 through Bengali Script and since 2013 through Chakma script (also known as Ajhฤ Pฤแนญh). Presently, the Chakma language is being taught in 87 schools.


This page was last updated at 2024-03-22 23:12 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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