Close-mid central unrounded vowel

Close-mid central unrounded vowel
ɘ
IPA Number397
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɘ
Unicode (hex)U+0258
X-SAMPA@\
Braille⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)

The close-mid central unrounded vowel, or high-mid central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɘ. This is a mirrored letter e and should not be confused with the schwa ə, which is a turned e. It was added to the IPA in 1993; before that, this vowel was transcribed ë (Latin small letter e with diaeresis, not Cyrillic small letter yo). Certain older sources transcribe this vowel ɤ̈.

The ɘ letter may be used with a lowering diacritic ɘ̞, to denote the mid central unrounded vowel.

Conversely, ə, the symbol for the mid central vowel may be used with a raising diacritic ə̝ to denote the close-mid central unrounded vowel, although that is more accurately written with an additional unrounding diacritic ə̝͑ to explicitly denote the lack of rounding (the canonical value of IPA ə is undefined for rounding).

Features

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Cotabato Manobo [example needed] May be transcribed in IPA with ə.
Dinka Luanyjang ŋeŋ [ŋɘ́ŋ] 'jawbone' Short allophone of /e/.
English Australian bird [bɘːd] 'bird' Typically transcribed in IPA with ɜː. See Australian English phonology
Cardiff foot [fɘt] 'foot' Less often rounded [ɵ]; corresponds to [ʊ] in other dialects. See English phonology
New Zealand bit [bɘt] 'bit' Merger of /ə/ and /ɪ/ found in other dialects. See New Zealand English phonology
Southern American nut [nɘt] 'nut' Some dialects. Corresponds to /ʌ/ in other dialects. See English phonology
Estonian kõrv [kɘrv] 'ear' Typically transcribed in IPA with ɤ; can be close-mid back [ɤ] or close back [ɯ] instead, depending on the speaker. See Estonian phonology
Irish Munster sáile [ˈsˠɰaːlʲə̝] 'salt water' Usually transcribed in IPA with [ɪ̽]. It is an allophone of /ə/ next to non-palatal slender consonants. See Irish phonology
Jebero ɨx[e/ï][k/c/q] [ˈiʃɘk] 'bat'
Kaingang me [ˈᵐbɘ] 'tail' Varies between central [ɘ] and back [ɤ].
Kalagan Kaagan [miˈwə̝ːʔ] 'lost' Allophone of /ɨ/ in word-final stressed syllables before /ʔ/; can be transcribed in IPA with ə.
Kensiu [ɟɚ̝h] 'to trim' Rhotacized; may be transcribed in IPA with ɚ.
Kera [t͡ʃə̝̄wā̠a̠] 'fire' Allophone of /a/; typically transcribed in IPA with ə.
Korean /ŏŏleun [ə̝ːɾɯ̽n] 'adult' May be transcribed in IPA with əː. See Korean phonology
Kurdish Kurmanji dil/دل [dɘl] 'heart' Allophone of /ɪ/. Sorani alphabet does not transcribe this vowel phoneme in text.
Sorani
Lizu [Fkə̝][clarification needed] 'eagle' Allophone of /ə/ after velar stops.
Mapudungun elün [ë̝ˈlɘn] 'to give (something)'
Mongolian үсэр [usɘɾɘ̆] 'jump'
Mono dœ [də̝] 'be (equative)' May be transcribed in IPA with ə.
Polish mysz [mɘ̟ʂ] 'mouse' Somewhat fronted; typically transcribed in IPA with ɨ. See Polish phonology
Romanian Moldavian dialect casă [ˈkäsɘ] 'house' Corresponds to [ə] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Shiwiar [example needed]
Temne pər [pə̝́r] 'incite' Typically transcribed in IPA with ə.
Vietnamese v [vɘ˨˩ˀ] 'wife' Typically transcribed in IPA with ɤ. See Vietnamese phonology
Xumi Upper [LPmɘ̃dɐ] 'upstairs' Nasalized; occurs only in this word. It is realized as mid [ə̃] in Lower Xumi.
Zapotec Tilquiapan ne [nɘ] 'and' Most common realization of /e/.

This page was last updated at 2024-03-22 16:43 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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