Drzewica Formation

Drzewica Formation
Stratigraphic range: Domerian
~183 Ma
Drzewica Formation Reconstruction.jpg
Paleoreconstruction of the Drzewica Formation, based on the several footprints & Fossil plants reported (Species represented are based on Generic representatives from this group).[1]
UnderliesKomorowo Formation
OverliesZagaje Formation, Lobez Formation
ThicknessUp to ~100 m (330 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySiliciclastic
Location
RegionSzydłowiec
Country Poland

The Drzewica Formation is a geologic formation in Szydłowiec, Poland. It is late Pliensbachian age. Vertebrate fossils have been uncovered from this formation.[1] The stathigraphic setting of the dinosaur tracks reported from the formation suggest a foreshore/fluvial barrier. Body fossils reported include bivalves, palynology, fossil trunks, roots. Trunks of coniferous wood, especially Cheirolepidiaceae and Taxodiaceae trees (with the possibility of early yet gigantic Sequoioideae members) show the occurrence of vast coniferous forests around the tracksite. The association of gigantic forests and dinosaur megafauna on the Pliensbachian suggests also a colder and specially damp ecosystem. As many studies of the formation share, Drzewica shows in part to be a gigantic shore barrel, setting at the time where the Polish basin sea was at its lowest point.[2] Other related units are Fjerritslev or Gassum Formation (Danish Basin), lower Bagå Formation (Bornholm), upper Neringa Formation (Lithuania). Abandoned informal units in Poland: upper Sawêcin beds, Wieluñ series, Bronów series..

Paleofauna

The Drzewica Formation was an ancient Shore Barrell of the European Liassic sea, or a coastal lake. This zone was at the Pliensbachian at lower levels, due to the lower level of the sea, making an environment probably surrounded by several marshes and water bodies. The report of an enormous quantity of footprints give the idea of this site as a pass for a big number of different animals. Those creatures reported from same age rocks of Germany or Siberia can also be present here, especially insects and other invertebrates. The presence of Pliensbachian common ammonoids and several vertebrate clades connects the marine fauna with similar environments of the same age across Europe.

Invertebrates

Blackish bivalves were reported from the formation. They may be evidence of an ancient water system.[1]

Ammonites

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species Material Notes Images

Tragophylloceras[3]

T. loscombi

Small (1,7 cm) cunch

Fish

Unidentified fin spines are known from this formation.[1]

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species Material Notes Images

Saurostomus[1]

Indeterminate[1]

unknown

Model

Ligulella[1]

Indeterminate

unknown

Semionotiformes[1]

Indeterminate

unknown

Mawsoniidae[1]

Indeterminate

unknown

Squalorajoidei

Indeterminate

unknown

Ohmdenia

Indeterminate

Partial specimen

Maybe represents a new Pachycormifom.

Strongylosteus

Indeterminate

Includes a partially complete right fin, caudal vertebrae and partial skull.

Hybodus

H. reticulatus

unknown

Restoration of Hybodus

Synechodus

S. occultidens

unknown

Amphibians

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species Material Notes Images

Plectropterna[1]

Indeterminate[1]

unknown

Archaeobatrachia

Indeterminate

The former material resembles the South American genus Notobatrachus

Anapsids

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species Material Notes Images

Australochelyidae

Several partial shells

Therapsida

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species Material Notes Images

Brasilichnium[1]

Indeterminate[1]

unknown

Oligokyphus

Indeterminate

Several Theeth

Tritylodontidae

Indeterminate

Lower Jaw

Crocodrylomorpha

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species Material Notes Images

Batrachopus[1]

Indeterminate[1]

unknown

Protosuchidae[1]

Indeterminate[1]

Partial Skull & Postcranial elements.

Sphenosuchia

Indeterminate

Humerus & lower jaw

Teleosauridae

Indeterminate

Frontal Skull & several caudal vertebrae

Dinosaurs

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species Material Notes Images

Fabrosauridae[1]

Indeterminate

Footprints

5 cm footprints referred to an early ornitischian.

Thyreophora[1]

Indeterminate

Footprints

Scelidosauridae[1]

Indeterminate

Footprints

Anomoepus[1]

Indeterminate

Footprints

Neotheropoda[1]

Indeterminate

Footprints

35 mm footprints referred to a non-avian Theropod.

Anchisauripus[1]

Indeterminate

Footprints

Coelophysidae[1]

Indeterminate

Footprints

Tetanurae[4]

Indeterminate

Footprints

Gigantic 60 cm footprints from a non-avian Theropod.

Stenonyx[5]

Indeterminate

34–45 mm Footprints

Dilophosauridae[6]

Indeterminate

Footprints

Distinctive crouching theropod trace, suggested a Feather ingument on Dilophosauroids or relatives[6]

Model nicknamed "Dyzio", who represents a feathered reconstruction based on Drzewica finds

Parabrontopodus[1]

Indeterminate

Footprints

Plants

Restoration of the Inland Flora, including several species common at the time on Europe. Art: Lucas Attwell

There is a big quantity of fossil wood and plants, related to genus found across Europe at the same age, or the Lias in general. The Drzewica environment however, looks to be a more dense ecosystem than those found at the same age Denmark or Italy, creating a landscape with probably more relation of those present on the Middle-Late Jurassic. If the presence of the family Sequoiacedae is confirmed, Drzewica will be the earliest appearance of the members of this group. A problematical plant[7] has been reported from the Formation. This taxon has a morphology that resembles schizeacean ferns, but also that of Aethophyllum stipulare from Anisian of France.

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Thaumatopteris[1][8]

unknown

specimens

Eoboracia[8]

E. lobifolia

specimens

Cladophlebis[8]

  • C. nebbensis
  • C. denticulata

specimens

Dictyophyllum[8]

  • D. acutibolum

specimens

Ginkgoites[8]

  • G. troedssonii

specimens

Neocalamites[8]

  • N. hoerensis

specimens

Hausmannia[8]

  • H. crenata

specimens

Pagiophyllum[8]

  • P. steenstrupi

specimens

Otozamites[8]

O. mimetes

specimens

Coniopteris[8]

Indeterminate

specimens

Sequoioideae[8]

Indeterminate

specimens

Laccopteris[8]

  • l. angustiloba

specimens

Paleoxrys[8]

  • P. muensteni

specimens

Schizolepis[8]

  • S. follini
  • S. braunii
  • S. moelleri

specimens

Phlebopteris[8]

  • P. muensteri

specimens

Todites[8]

  • T. Williamsoni

specimens

Clathropteris[8]

  • C. meniscoides

specimens

Ctenis[8]

  • C. nilsoni

specimens

Palissya[8]

Indeterminate

specimens

Sagenopteris[8]

  • S. nilssoniana

specimens

Czekanowskia[8]

  • C. nathorstii

specimens

Ixostrobus[8]

  • I. siemiradkii

specimens

Pityophyllum[8]

  • P. longuifolium
  • P. angustifolium

specimens

Podozamites[8]

  • P. distanns
  • P. angustifolious
  • P. gramineus
  • P. stobieckii

specimens

Pterophyllum[8]

  • P. subaequale

specimens

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Pienkowski, Grzegorz (2008). "Preliminary report about spectacular late Pliensbachian dinosaur tracksite from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. The 5th International Symposium of IGCP 506, Marine and non-marine Jurassic: global correlation and major geological events". 110-111. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ Pieńkowski, G. The epicontinental Lower Jurassic of Poland. Polish Geol. Institute Special Papers, 12, 154 pp (2004).https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235640988_The_epicontinental_Lower_Jurassic_of_Poland?tab=overview
  3. ^ Pienkowski, Grzegorz (2014): The first Early Jurassic ammonite find in central Poland. Volumina Jurassica, 2014, XII (1): 99–104:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297380409_The_first_Early_Jurassic_ammonite_find_in_central_Poland
  4. ^ Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki,Zbyszek Remink: Gigantic theropod dinosaur footprints from the Upper Pliensbachian of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland [in Polish with English abstract].Article in Przeglad Geologiczny 56(9):823-825 · September 2008
  5. ^ Jesper Milàn, Finn Surlyk. 2014: An enigmatic, diminutive theropod footprint in the shallow marine Pliensbachian Hasle Formation, Bornholm, Denmark
  6. ^ a b Gerard Dariusz Gierlinski,Martin G. Lockley,Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki. "A distinctive crouching theropod trace from the Lower Jurassic of Poland". Geological Quarterly. 53(4): 23–281.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  7. ^ Gierliñski, G.D., Ploch, I., Sabath, K., Ziaja, J., 2006. An Early Jurassic problematical plant from the Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland. Prz. Geol. 54, 139–141. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289572652_An_Early_Jurassic_problematical_plant_from_the_Holy_Cross_Mountains_central_Poland
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y {{citeW. Karaszewski. 1965. O srodkowoliasowym wieku flory z Chmielowa pod Ostrowcem i jej znaczeniu dla stratygrafii kontynentalnej jury [On the Middle Liassic age of the flora from Chmielow, near Ostrowiec (central Poland) and its significance for stratigraphy of the continental Jurassic]. Kwartalnik Geologiczny 9(2):261-270 }}

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