Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union (USSR) in December 1991, about 25 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states found themselves living outside of Russia.

All former Soviet citizens had a time window within which they could transfer their former Soviet citizenship to Russian citizenship.[citation needed] Where they did not exercise that choice, their resulting citizenship status outside Russia varied by state: from no perceivable change in status – as in Belarus – to becoming permanently resident "non-citizens" – as in Estonia and Latvia, which restricted citizenship to their pre-World War II citizens and their offspring (regardless of ethnic group) upon restoration of their independence in continuity with their sovereign identities prior to June 1940.

In June 2006 Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a plan to introduce national policy aiming at encouraging ethnic Russian immigration to Russia.

Map showing Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states
Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states
Country Number of
ethnic Russians
Percent of
national population
As of
(census data)
 Ukraine 8,334,141 17.3 2001
 Kazakhstan 3,000,611 15.2 2023
 Uzbekistan 720,324 2.1 2021
 Belarus 706,992 7.5 2019
 Latvia 445,612 23.7 2023
 Estonia 306,801 22.5 2023
 Kyrgyzstan 274,000 3.9 2023
 Turkmenistan 242,000 5.1 2012
 Lithuania 146,000 5.1 2023
 Moldova 111,726 4.1 2014
 Azerbaijan 71,000 0.7 2019
 Tajikistan 30,200 0.3 2020
 Georgia 26,586 0.7 2014
 Armenia 14,074 0.5 2022

^ Does not include Abkhazia (2011 census: 22,077 Russians or 9.1% of the population) or South Ossetia (2007 estimate: 2,100 Russians or 3.0% of the population).

^ In Turkmenistan, there were estimated to be at most 150,000 ethnic Russians as of 2007, or under 2% of the population. In Uzbekistan the same year, the Russian population stood at some 800,000 people or under 4% of the country.

See also


This page was last updated at 2024-03-23 02:20 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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