Church in Kruševac, Serbia
Church of the Holy First Martyr Stephen (Serbian: Црква Светог Првомученика Стефана/Crkva Svetog Prvomučenika Stefana), better known as the Lazarica Church (Serbian: Црква Лазарица/Crkva Lazarica), is a Serbian Orthodox church in Kruševac, Serbia. It was built in 1375-1378 as an endowment of prince Lazar of Serbia. Lazarica, as an outstanding achievement of the Serbian medieval architecture, was declared a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1979, and it is protected by the Republic of Serbia.[1] Lazarica was built as a prototype of the Morava school of architecture, as a palace church associated with the Kruševac Fortress, the capital of Prince Lazar.[1][2] Today, only Lazarica and parts of the keep remain from the vast fortress complex.[1][3]
History
Information about the founding of the church can be found in the "Žitije despota Stefana Lazarevića" by Constantine of Kostenets.[2] Lazar of Serbia built the church at the same time as the fortifications for the capital Kruševac. In 1455, Kruševac fell under Ottoman Empire rule, and the church was abandoned and desecrated. Lazarica was used as a stable for horses, and the roof was torn down for use elsewhere.[2] During the Russo-Austrian-Turkish War, from 1736 to 1739, Lazarica was partially reconstructed, and the interior was painted with frescos by Andra Andrejević.[1] After that, Kruševac fell under Ottoman rule again. The first major reconstruction of Lazarica occurred after the establishment of the independent Principality of Serbia, with numerous modifications over the next hundred years.[2][4]
Architecture
Front of the palace church with details of the
rosettes (1375-1378).
The church is in the form of a trefoil, a variant of the cruciform plan, with three bays in length, a dome over the central area and narthex, originally with open side passages.[1][4][5] It has a semicircular apse on the inside, which is five-sided on the outside, with attached colonettes. The church is oriented five degrees from a perfect west–east orientation. The foundation of Lazarica is at an elevation of 159 metres (522 ft). Internal length, from the top of the altar apse to the west wall of the narthex, is 15.65 feet (4.77 m). The western width of the nave is from 5.15 to 5.20 metres (16.9 to 17.1 ft) and the radius of the apse ranges from 1.61 to 1.65 metres (5 ft 3 in to 5 ft 5 in). Internal height to the apex of the semicalotte main dome is 17.25 metres (56.6 ft). Wall thickness ranges from 1 to 1.75 metres (3 ft 3 in to 5 ft 9 in). The foundations were laid at a depth of 0.60 metres (2 ft 0 in).[4]
Lazarica's masonry is basically Byzantine style: continuity of horizontal rows of dressed white sandstone with three rows of brick joints associated with thick plaster, without insisting on randomly placed bricks. A peculiar process was used to draw thick mortar joints out from the wall.[6]
See also
External links
References
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Serbia |
- Church of Saint Sava
- St. Michael's Cathedral
- St. George, Banovo Brdo
- Ružica
- St. Mark's Church, Belgrade
- St. Basil of Ostrog
- Church of the Ascension, Belgrade
- St. Achillius, Arilje
- Peter's Church, Ras
- St. Mark's Church, Užice
- Cave Church, Lukovo
- Štava Church
- Odžaklija
- Kađenica
- Lazarica Church
- Church of St. George, Lukovo
- Church of Holy Ascension, Krupanj
- Saint George's Cathedral (Novi Sad)
- the Assumption, Zrenjanin
- Our Lady of Ljeviš*
- Cathedral of Saint George, Prizren
- Church of the Virgin Hodegetria*
- Church of St. Elijah, Podujevo*
- Church of St. Nicholas, Prizren*
- Mala Gospojina Church*
- Church of Christ the Saviour, Pristina*
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Montenegro | |
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Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
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Croatia |
- Church of the Holy Venerable Mother Parascheva
- Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, Trpinja
- Church of St. Nicholas, Vukovar
- Church of Pentecost, Vinkovci
- Church of St. George, Kneževo
- Church of the Dormition of the Theotokos, Negoslavci
- Church of Pentecost, Markušica
- Church of St. George, Bobota
- Church of St. Stephen, Borovo
- Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos, Srijemske Laze
- Church of St. Peter and Paul, Bolman
- Church of St. Stefan Štiljanović, Karanac
- Church of St. Nicholas, Mirkovci
- Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos, Gaboš
- Church of St. Nicholas, Jagodnjak
- Church of St. Demetrius, Dalj
- Church of St. George, Tovarnik
- Church of St. Nicholas, Pačetin
- Serbian Orthodox Cathedral, Zagreb
- Church of St. George, Grubišno Polje
- Church of St. Nicholas, Karlovac
- Church of Saint Parascheva, Slabinja
- Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos, Drežnica
- Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, Štikada
- Church of St. George, Varaždin
- Church of the Holy Annunciation, Dubrovnik
- Orthodox Church in Knin
- Church of St. Peter and Paul, Tepljuh
- St. Spyridon Church, Peroj
- Church of St. Nicholas, Rijeka
- Church of St. Nicholas, Vrlika
- Orthodox church of Holy Salvation, Cetina
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United Kingdom | |
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United States | |
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Canada | |
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Other countries |
- Sts. Cyril and Methodius Church, Slovenia
- Serbian Church in Arad, Romania
- St. Sava Church, Paris, France
- Saint Spyridon Church, Trieste, Italy
- Annunciation Church, Szentendre, Hungary
- Transfiguration Church, Szentendre, Hungary
- Saint Sava Serbian Orthodox Church, Stockholm, Sweden
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Notes | * indicate churches in Kosovo, which is the subject of a territorial dispute between Serbia and Kosovo. |
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Archaeological Sites | | |
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Cultural Monuments |
- St. Achillius Church
- Mramorje
- Belgrade Fortress
- Princess Ljubica's Residence
- Dositej's Lyceum
- Captain Miša's Mansion
- Belgrade Cathedral
- Museum of 4 July
- Illegal Partisan Printing Houses
- Residence of Prince Miloš
- Prohor Pčinjski
- Pokajnica
- Golubac Fortress
- Takovo Museum
- Manasija
- Tabula Traiana and Trajan's Bridge
- Old Parliament and Court
- House of Svetozar Marković
- Sobrašice
- Žiča
- Studenica Monastery
- Maglič
- Stolice
- Lazarica with Kruševac Fortress
- St. Nicholas Monastery
- Holy Mother of God Church, Kuršumlija
- Lazarevac Memorial Ossuary
- Cer Memorial Ossuary
- Vuk Karadžić's birth house
- Ljubovija Memorial Ossuary
- Lepenski Vir
- Stefan Lazarević Memorial
- Hajduk Veljko's Powder Magazine
- Early Byzantine Tomb with Frescoes
- Skull Tower
- Niš concentration camp
- Đurđevi stupovi
- St. Peter's Church, Ras
- Sopoćani
- Stari Ras
- Old House, Pirot
- Banja Monastery
- Mileševa Monastery
- Partisan Hospital, Prijepolje
- Gornja Dobrinja
- Gradac Monastery
- Kalenić Monastery
- Smederevo Fortress
- Museum of 1941 Uprising
- Partisan printing house "Borba"
- Headquarters of the Main People's Liberation Comity of Serbia
- Plant nursery, Užice
- Kadinjača
- Stari Han
- Karađorđe's Topola with Oplenac
- Ljubostinja
- Ravanica
- House of Dimitrije Tucović
- Wine cellar, Atenica
- Memorial chapel with the crypt, Prnjavor
- Wooden Church, Dub
- Sirogojno Old Village
- Partisan Hospital, Krčagovo
- Monument to the Unknown Hero
- Memorial Rooms in Prohor Pčinjski
- Bođani Monastery
- Franciscan Church, Bač
- Dunđerski Palace
- Neštin House
- Bački Petrovac House
- Beočin Monastery
- Rakovac Monastery
- Šlajz
- Bishop's palace, Vršac
- Mesić Monastery
- Vojinović Bridge
- Medieval palace of Vučitrn
- Monastery of Saint Barbara
- Wooden house of Lođani
- Hadum mosque
- Serbian Orthodox Church in Čurug
- Church of St. Nicholas, Stari Slankamen
- Velika Remeta Monastery
- Vrdnik-Ravanica
- Grgeteg Monastery
- Jazak Monastery
- Krušedol Monastery
- Mala Remeta Monastery
- Novo Hopovo Monastery
- Staro Hopovo Monastery
- Presentation of Jesus Church, Krušedol Selo
- Gorioč monastery
- Our Lady of Hvosno
- Church of St. John, Crkolez
- Church of St. Nicholas, Đurakovac
- Church of St. Nicholas, Kikinda
- Suvača
- Serbian Orthodox Church in Mokrin
- Churches in White Drin valley
- Romanian Orthodox Church in Uzdin
- Holy Thetokos Church, Vaganeš
- Ubožac Monastery
- Presentation of Mary Church, Lipljan
- Arača
- Almaška Church
- Dormition Church, Novi Sad
- St. George Cathedral
- Name of Mary Church
- Novi Sad Synagogue
- Petrovaradin Fortress
- Matica srpska
- Gymnasium Jovan Jovanović Zmaj
- Kovilj Monastery
- Novo Brdo Fortress
- Church of St. Nicholas and St. John, Velika Hoča
- Vojlovica Monastery
- Transfiguration Church, Pančevo
- Transfiguration Church, Budisavci
- Bajrakli Mosque
- Church of St. Jeremiah, Goraždevac
- Warehouses of Karlovčić
- Church of St. Luke, Kupinovo
- Ogar House
- Orthodox Church in Sibač
- Kaljaja Fortress
- Monastery and Hermitage of St. Peter of Koriša
- Church of the Holy Saviour, Prizren
- Church of St. Nicholas, Prizren
- Churches of Sredačka Župa
- Sinan Pasha Mosque
- Hammam of Prizren
- Imperial Mosque
- Church of St. John, Sombor
- Devič
- Divša Monastery
- Kuveždin Monastery
- Petkovica Monastery
- Šišatovac Monastery
- Old Church of St. Stephen, Šišatovac
- Patriarchate of Karlovci
- Cathedral of Saint Nicholas, Sremski Karlovci
- Karlovci Gymnasium
- Warehouses of Golubinci
- Subotica Synagogue
- Subotica City Hall
- Svrčin
- Church of the Virgin Hodegetria, Mušutište
- St. George Church, Rečani
- Roman Catholic Church in Čoka
- Orthodox Church in Vilovo
- Zvečan Fortress
- The Protection of the Mother of God Church in Boljetin
- Monuments of Nerodimlje
- Churches of Sirinićka Župa
- Privina Glava Monastery
- Orthodox Church in Molovin
- Monastery of the Holy Archangels
- Gračanica Monastery
- Visoki Dečani
- Our Lady of Ljeviš
- Patriarchate of Peć
- Banjska Monastery
- Terzijski Bridge
- Miloš Obrenović's House
- Tronoša Monastery
- Šterić villa
- Memorial fountain dedicated to king Alexander Karađorđević
- House of Press building
- The Calvinist Church in Debeljača
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Historic Landmarks | |
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Spatial Cultural-Historical Units | |
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