List of birds of Costa Rica

Clay-colored thrush, the national bird of Costa Rica

Although Costa Rica is a small country, it is in the bird-rich neotropical region and has a huge number of species for its area. The official bird list published by the Costa Rican Rare Birds and Records Committee of the Asociación Ornitológica de Costa Rica (AOCR) contains 919 species as of November 2018.[1] This number is more than have been recorded in all of the 49 mainland United States and Canada combined. Of those species, seven are endemic (three of which are found only on Cocos Island), 66 are rare or accidental, and four have been introduced by humans. Another 73 are near-endemic with ranges that include only Costa Rica and Panama. Twenty-seven species, including five of the seven endemics, are globally vulnerable or endangered.[2] Over an area of 51,100 km2, an area smaller than West Virginia, this is the greatest density of bird species of any continental American country. About 600 species are resident, with most of the other regular visitors being winter migrants from North America.

Costa Rica's geological formation played a large role in the diversification of avian species. North America and South America were initially separate continents, but millions of years of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions eventually fused the two continents together. When this happened, species from the north and south poured into the land bridge that became Central America. Birds like the hummingbird came from the south, while birds like the jay came from the north.[3]

Part of the diversity stems from the wide array of habitats, which include mangrove swamps along the Pacific coast, the wet Caribbean coastal plain in the northeast, dry northern Pacific lowlands, and multiple mountain chains that form the spine of the country and rise as high as 3,500 m. These mountain chains, the largest of which is the Cordillera de Talamanca, form a geographical barrier that has enabled closely related but different species to develop on either side of the chain. A good example of this speciation is the white-collared manakin of the Caribbean side, which is now distinct from the orange-collared manakin of the Pacific slope.

In the past, higher sea levels left the mountains as highlands, and isolation again led to distinct species developing, with over thirty now endemic to the mountains, especially the Talamanca range which extends from southern Costa Rica into Panama.

This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 60th Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS).[4] Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list.

Unless otherwise noted, all species on the list are considered to occur regularly in Costa Rica as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. The following tags have been used to highlight certain categories of occurrence:

  • (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Costa Rica
  • (R?) Residence uncertain - a species which might be resident
  • (E) Endemic - a species endemic to Costa Rica
  • (E-R) Regional endemic - a species found only in Costa Rica and Panama
  • (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Costa Rica as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

Contents

Tinamous

Great tinamou

Order: Tinamiformes   Family: Tinamidae

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Black-bellied whistling-duck

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

Guans, chachalacas, and curassows

Gray-headed chachalaca

Order: Galliformes   Family: Cracidae

New World quail

Buffy-crowned wood-partridge

Order: Galliformes   Family: Odontophoridae

Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Pigeons and doves

Band-tailed pigeon
Pale-vented pigeon

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Cuckoos and anis

Groove-billed ani

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

Nightjars and allies

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Caprimulgidae

Oilbird

Order: Steatornithiformes   Family: Steatornithidae

Potoos

Common potoo

Order: Nyctibiiformes   Family: Nyctibiidae

Swifts

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Apodidae

Hummingbirds

Female gray-tailed mountain-gem
Male coppery-headed emerald, one of Costa Rica's endemics.
Female green-crowned brilliant
Male volcano hummingbird

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Trochilidae

Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Finfoots

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Heliornithidae

Limpkin

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Aramidae

Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Burhinidae

Stilts and avocets

Black-necked stilt

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

Jacanas

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Jacanidae

Sandpipers and allies

Long-billed dowitcher
Western sandpiper
Spotted sandpiper

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Skuas and jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Sunbittern

Sunbittern

Order: Eurypygiformes   Family: Eurypygidae

Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Albatrosses

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Diomedeidae

Southern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

Petrels and shearwaters

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

Storks

Wood stork

Order: Ciconiiformes   Family: Ciconiidae

Frigatebirds

Magnificent frigatebird

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

Cormorants

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Anhingas

Order: Suliformes   Family: Anhingidae

Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Bitterns, herons, and egrets

Boat-billed heron

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

New World vultures

Black vulture

Order: Cathartiformes   Family: Cathartidae

Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Swallow-tailed kite
Gray-lined hawk

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Typical owls

Black-and-white owl

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

Trogons and quetzals

Black-throated trogon

Order: Trogoniformes   Family: Trogonidae

Motmots

Lesson's motmot

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Momotidae

Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Puffbirds

Order: Piciformes   Family: Bucconidae

Jacamars

Order: Piciformes   Family: Galbulidae

New World barbets

Order: Piciformes   Family: Capitonidae

Toucan-barbets

Order: Piciformes   Family: Semnornithidae

Toucans

Northern emerald-toucanet

Order: Piciformes   Family: Ramphastidae

Woodpeckers

Black-cheeked woodpecker

Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae

Falcons and caracaras

Crested caracara

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

New World and African parrots

Scarlet macaw

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittacidae

Typical antbirds

Bicolored antbird

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Thamnophilidae

Gnateaters

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Conopophagidae

Antpittas

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Grallariidae

Tapaculos

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Rhinocryptidae

Antthrushes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Formicariidae

Ovenbirds and woodcreepers

Streaked xenops
Spot-crowned woodcreeper

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Furnariidae

Manakins

Orange-collared manakin

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pipridae

Cotingas

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cotingidae

Tityras and allies

Cinnamon becard

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tityridae

Sharpbill

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Oxyruncidae

Royal-flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Onychorhynchidae

Tyrant flycatchers

Common tody-flycatcher
Dusky-capped flycatcher

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tyrannidae

Vireos

Rufous-browed peppershrike

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Vireonidae

Crows, jays, and magpies

White-throated magpie-jay

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

Swallows

Mangrove swallow

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

Wrens

Bay wren

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Troglodytidae

Gnatcatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Polioptilidae

Dippers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cinclidae

Thrushes and allies

Sooty robin

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mimidae

Waxwings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Bombycillidae

Silky-flycatchers

Long-tailed silky-flycatcher

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Ptiliogonatidae

Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Estrildidae

Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Thick-billed euphonia

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Thrush-tanagers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Rhodinocichlidae

New World sparrows

Rufous-collared sparrow

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passerellidae

Wrenthrush

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Zeledoniidae

Yellow-breasted chat

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteriidae

Troupials and allies

Great-tailed grackle
Montezuma oropendola

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteridae

Wood-warblers

Tropical parula
Bay-breasted warbler
Hooded warbler

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Parulidae

Microspingid tanagers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mitrospingidae

Cardinals and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cardinalidae

Tanagers and allies

Blue-gray tanager
Crimson-collared tanager
Blue dacnis
Bananaquit
Green honeycreeper
Variable seedeater
Slaty flowerpiercer

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Thraupidae

Notes

References

  1. ^ Garrigues, Richard., P. Camacho-Varela, M. Montoya, P. O'Donnell, O. Ramírez-Alán, J. Zook. Noviembre 2018. Boletín de la Asociación Ornitológica de Costa Rica. San José, Costa Rica. http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=es&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=da&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Flistaoficialavesdecostarica.wordpress.com%2F retrieved August 4, 2019
  2. ^ IUCN 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-2. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on August 4, 2019.
  3. ^ Stater, Adam. "Avian Diversity in Costa Rica".
  4. ^ "Check-list of North and Middle American Birds". American Ornithological Society. July 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019.

See also

External links


This page was last updated at 2019-11-14 18:03 UTC. Update now. View original page.

All our content comes from Wikipedia and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.


Top

If mathematical, chemical, physical and other formulas are not displayed correctly on this page, please useFirefox or Safari