List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs
Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. (August 2021) |
This is a list of reigning non-sovereign monarchs, including traditional rulers and governing constitutional monarchs. Each monarch listed below reigns over a legally recognised dominion, but in most cases possess little or no sovereign governing power. Their titles, however, are recognised by the state. Entries are listed beside their respective dominions, and are grouped by country.
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bangladesh | Bohmong | Raja Chaw Prue | 1959 | Chowdhury | Hereditary and elective | |
Chakma | Raja Debashish | 12 November 1971 | Roy | Hereditary | ||
Mong | Raja Saching Prue | 22 October 2008 | Chowdhury | Hereditary and elective | ||
India | Daher-Amla | Raja Tapatrao Anandrao | Bhil | Hereditary | ||
Gadhvi | Raja Yashwant Rao | Hereditary | ||||
Linga | Raja Bhavarsingh | Hereditary | ||||
Pimpri | Raja Trikamrao Sahebrao | Hereditary | ||||
Vasurna | Raja Chandra Singh | Hereditary |
Indonesia
Present information regarding governmental recognition of traditional monarchs in Indonesia is inadequate. In some instances below, pre-colonial polities have been restored, and the royal titles of their leaders have been nominally confirmed. In other cases, the government has refused to revive monarchies that had been abolished during the earliest years of the republic. Despite the historical suppression of these dynasties, a large number have retained their culture, identity, and their status within their own communities. Royal titles are still widely used, bestowed in formal enthronement ceremonies conducted without formal recognition from Jakarta.[citation needed]
In recent years, the number of dynasties receiving recognition as nominal cultural authorities has steadily increased. However, because it remains unclear as to which monarchies have not yet been recognised, the list below will contain all extant Indonesian dynasties on which there is information available. Monarchs that have explicitly been denied recognition are listed under pretenders. The Sultan of Yogyakarta and the Duke of Pakualaman are listed separately due to the constitutional nature of their position.
State | Constituent | Monarch | Since | House | Type | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia | Yogyakarta | Sultan Hamengkubuwono X | 2 October 1988 | Mataram | Limited | Hereditary | |
Indonesia | Pakualaman | Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Paku Alam X | 7 January 2016 | Mataram | Limited | Hereditary |
- Bali
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia | Bangli | Anak Agung Made Rai Rama | 1961 | Gelgel | Hereditary | |
Buleleng | Anak Agung Ngurah Brawida | 2 June 1978 | Sangket | Hereditary | ||
Denpasar | Tjokorda Ngurah Jambe | 25 November 2005 | Pemecutan | Hereditary | ||
Gianyar | Anak Agung Gde Agung II | 22 April 1999 | Hereditary | |||
Karangasem | Anak Agung Gde Agung Putra Agung | 9 April 2009 | Karangasem | Hereditary | ||
Kasiman | Tjokorda Ngurah Kusuma Wardhana | 22 April 1989 | Kasiman | Hereditary | ||
Klungkung | Dewa Agung Ida Dalem Semaraputra | 10 October 2010 | Klungkung | Hereditary | ||
Pamecutan | Tjokorda Ngurah Manik Parisara | 1986 | Pemecutan | Hereditary | ||
Tabanan | Tjokorda Anglurah | 21 March 2008 | Hereditary | |||
Ubud | Vacant | 20 July 1978 | Sukawati | Hereditary |
- Borneo
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia | Banjarmasin | Sultan Khairul Saleh | 24 July 2010 | Alwatzkubillah | Hereditary | |
Bulungan | Sultan Abdul Hamid | 2 December 2008 | Hereditary | |||
Kutai | Sultan Adji Muhammad Arifin | Kutai | Hereditary | |||
Kubu | Tuan Besar Syarif Ibrahim bin Syarif Nyoh | 4 March 2008 | Alidrus | Hereditary | ||
Kotawaringin | Pangeran Ratu Alidin Sukma Alamsyah | 2010 | Alwatzkubillah | Hereditary | ||
Landak | Pangeran Ratu Suryansyah Amiruddin | 24 January 2000 | Ismahayana | Hereditary | ||
Matan | Pangeran Ratu Uti Iwan Kusnadi | 11 August 2004 | Hereditary | [citation needed] | ||
Mempawah | Pangeran Ratu Mulawangsa Mardan Adijaya | 12 August 2002 | Amantubillah | Hereditary | ||
Pasir | Pangeran Ratu Abdul Rasyid | 16 October 2000 | Belengkong | Hereditary | ||
Pontianak | Sultan Syarif Mahmud Alkadrie | 17 July 2017 | Al Kadri | Hereditary | ||
Sambaliung | Sultan Fachruddin | 19 October 2009 | Berau | Hereditary | ||
Sambas | Pangeran Ratu Muhammad Tarhan | 3 February 2008 | Alwatzkubillah | Hereditary | ||
Sanggau | Pangeran Ratu Arman Surya | 26 July 2009 | Suryanegara | Hereditary | ||
Sekadau | Pangeran Agung Muhammad Efendi | 28 February 2009 | Hereditary | |||
Selimbau | Panembahan Muhammad Asbi | 2004 | Assidiqi | Hereditary | ||
Simpang | Sultan Muhammad Jamaluddin II | 31 May 2008 | Hereditary | |||
Sintang | Panembahan Kusuma Negara V | 17 September 2003 | Kusumanegara | Hereditary | [citation needed] |
- Java
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia | Banten | Sultan Ismetullah al-Abbas | August 2003 | Surosowan | Hereditary | |
Kacirebonan | Sultan Abdul Gani Natadiningrat III | 28 October 1997 | Kacirebonan | Hereditary | ||
Kanoman | Sultan Muhammad Emiruddin | 6 March 2003 | Kanoman | Hereditary | ||
Kasepuhan | Sultan Sepuh XIV | 30 April 2010 | Kasepuhan | Hereditary | ||
Mangkunegaran | Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunegara X | 12 March 2022 | Mataram | Hereditary | ||
Sumedang | Paduka Yang Mulia Sri Radya Lukman Soemadisoeria | Sumedang Larang | Hereditary | |||
Surakarta | Susuhunan Pakubuwono XIII | 10 September 2004 | Mataram | Hereditary |
- Maluku
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia | Amahei | Upu Latu Johan Dominggus Hallatu | 1954 | Hallatu Ruma Iralo | Hereditary and elective | [citation needed] |
Bacan | Sultan Al-Abd-Al-Rahim Gary ibn Gahral | 19 November 2010 | Kamarullah | Hereditary and elective | ||
Faan | Raja Patris | April 2002 | Renwarin | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Hitu | Upu Latu Salhana Pelu | 21 March 2007 | Hitulama | Hereditary | ||
Jailolo | Sultan Abdullah Syah | January 2002 | Hereditary | |||
Kisar | Raja Johannis Bakker | Bakker | Hereditary | |||
Loloda | Jogugu Lutfi Muhammad Syamsuddin | 30 August 2009 | Syamsuddin | Hereditary | ||
Soya | Raja Johan Lodewijk Rehatta | 9 December 2005 | Rehatta | Hereditary and elective | ||
Tulehu | Upu Latu John Saleh Ohorella | 13 February 2003 | Ohorella | Hereditary | ||
Ternate | Sultan Hidayatullah Sjah | 18 December 2021 | Hereditary | |||
Tidore | Sultan Djafar Syah | 28 October 1999 | Hereditary |
- Papua
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia | Arguni | Raja Hanafi Pauspaus | Pauspaus | Hereditary | ||
Atiati | Raja M. Syahrul Yusuf Bay | 14 February 2018 | Kerewaindżai | Hereditary | ||
Fatagar | Raja Taufiq Heru | 31 December 2009 | Uswanas | Hereditary | ||
Kaimana | Rat Umis Abdul Hakim Achmad | 1980 | Aituarauw | Hereditary | ||
Namatota | Ratu Randi Asnawi Ombaier | 2017 | Ombaier | Hereditary | ||
Patipi | Raja Atarai Iba | 2022 | Sameni | Hereditary | ||
Rumbati | Raja Hamrad Pitupuwah Bauw | 2 May 2019 | Bauw | Hereditary | ||
Salawati | Raja Muhammad Tahir Arfan | Arfan | Hereditary | [citation needed] | ||
Sekar | Raja Arief Rumagesan | Rumagesan | Hereditary | |||
Wertuar | Raja Musa Heremba | 15 April 1988 | Heremba | Hereditary |
- Roti
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia | Baa | Manek Paulus Dae Pane | 1998 | Dae Pane | Hereditary | |
Bokai | Manek Herman Dupe | 1 January 1961 | Doepe | Hereditary | ||
Dehla | Manek Nehemia Ndun | 2 October 1972 | Ndoen | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Dengka | Vacant | 1970 | Tungga | Hereditary | ||
Korbafo | Vacant | 6 March 2000 | Manubulu | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Landu | Vacant | 18 March 2008 | Johannes | Hereditary | ||
Lelain | Manek Yunus Besi | Besi | Hereditary | |||
Lelenuk | Manek Christoffel Daik | 28 September 1994 | Daik | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Loleh | Manek Soleman Zacharias | 15 July 2003 | Zacharias | Hereditary | ||
Ndao | Manek Soleman Kotten | 1968 | Kotten | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Oenale | Manek Christoffel Hanok Lenggu | Lenggu | Hereditary | |||
Oepao | Manek Jefry Sjioen | 2005 | Sjioen | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Ringgou | Vacant | 22 March 2002 | Daoed | Hereditary | ||
Termanu | Manek Soleman Jeremias Amalo | 14 October 2007 | Amalo | Hereditary | ||
Thie | Vacant | 25 January 2010 | Mburalae | Hereditary |
- Sulawesi
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia | Balangnipa | Maradia Fadly Patayangi | 19 November 2005 | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Banawa | Vacant | 16 November 2006 | Hereditary | |||
Banggai | Tomundo Mohamad Fikran Ramadhan | 29 January 2010 | Awaluddin | Hereditary | ||
Barru | Vacant | Bugis | Hereditary | |||
Bone | Arumpone Baso Hamid | 7 April 2006 | Bugis | Hereditary | ||
Buton | Sultan La Ode Mohammad Izat Manarfa | 27 November 2006 | Kumbewahatak | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Gowa | Sultan Kumala Idjo Batara Gowa III | 2014 | Hereditary | |||
Luwu | Datu Iwan Djemma Barue | 10 June 2006 | Bugis | Hereditary | ||
Mamuju | Maradia Maksum Dai | Mak Lonjok | Hereditary | |||
Mori | Vacant | Hereditary | ||||
Sanrabone | Karaeng Ali Mallombasi | 25 July 2008 | Sanrabone | Hereditary | ||
Soppeng | Datu Unru Mappanjantji | 2001 | Hereditary |
- Sumatra
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia | Asahan | Sultan Kamal Abrahim | 17 May 1980 | Pinangawan | Hereditary | [citation needed] |
Bangkara | Raja Sisingamangaraja XV | 24 December 1972 | Pasaribu | Hereditary | ||
Deli | Sultan Aria Lamanjiji | 22 July 2005 | Maimoon | Hereditary | ||
Dolok Silau | Raja Tanjar Gaim Purba Tambak | 23 November 2008 | Purba | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Indragiri | Sultan Tengku Arief | 1 February 1986 | Hereditary | |||
Jambi | Sultan Abdurrahman Taha Syaifuddin Syah | 18 March 2012 | Hereditary and elective | |||
Langkat | Sultan Azwar Abdul Jalil | 21 May 2003 | Hereditary and elective | [citation needed] | ||
Pagaruyung | Raja Alam Muhammad Taufik Thaib | 10 June 2007 | Adityawarman | Hereditary | ||
Palembang | Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin III | 4 March 2003 | Hereditary | |||
Pelalawan | Tengku Besar Kamaruddin bin Harun | 7 August 2008 | Al Shahab | Hereditary | ||
Serdang | Sultan Basyarsyah II | 28 January 2001 | Alamsyah | Hereditary | ||
Siak | Sultan Nasir Abdul Jalil Saifuddin VI | 11 February 1984 | Al Syihab | Hereditary | ||
Siguntur | Sultan Hendri Tuanku Bagindo Ratu | 1968 | Siguntur | Hereditary |
- Timor
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia | Amanatun | Usif Pah Gustaf Immanuel | 26 September 1996 | Banunaek | Hereditary | |
Amanuban | Usif Pah Nesi Nope | 1980 | Nope | Hereditary | ||
Amarasi | Usif Pah Robert Maurits Koroh | 1990 | Koroh | Hereditary | ||
Amfoan | Usif Pah Robert Gordon Manoh | 27 September 2001 | Manoch | Hereditary | ||
Biboki | Usif Pah Johanis Tnesi Us | Boko | Hereditary | |||
Boti | Usif Pah Nama Benu | March 2005 | Benu | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Fialarang | Loro Jadokus Manek | 1990 | Da Costa | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Insana | Usif Pah Theodorus Taolin | 1991 | Taolin | Hereditary | ||
Kupang | Usif Pah Leopold Nicolaas Nisnoni | July 2004 | Nisnoni | Elective and hereditary | ||
Lamaknen | Loro Josef Kalimau | 16 October 2003 | Bunak | Elective and hereditary | ||
Miomaffo | Usif Pah Alfons Kono | 1986 | Kono | Hereditary | ||
Mollo | Usif Pah Edison Oematan | 12 August 2001 | Oematan | Hereditary | ||
Noimuti | Usif Pah Antonius da Costa | Da Costa | Hereditary | |||
Wehali | Disputed | 11 May 2003 | Waihale | Hereditary | ||
East Timor | Oecusse | Liurai Antonio I | 4 May 2001 | Da Costa | Hereditary |
- Others
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia | Anakalang | Raja Sappi Pateduk II | 1992 | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Barnusa | Raja Akbar Salim | Baso | Hereditary | |||
Batulolong | Raja Constantijn Karimalei | 1996 | Karimalei | Hereditary | ||
Bima | Jena Teke Zulkarnain | 17 June 2001 | Dewa Dalam Bawa | Hereditary | ||
Dompu | Vacant | 1964 | Sirajuddin | Hereditary | ||
Kolana | Raja Yusuf Makunimau | 1996 | Makunimau | Hereditary | ||
Kui | Raja Kaharuddin Kinanggi | Kinanggi | Hereditary | |||
Lamakera | Raja Abdul Gafur Ibrahim | 1987 | Dasi | Hereditary | ||
Lewa | Raja Pingi Ai | 23 January 1978 | Hereditary | [citation needed] | ||
Lohayong | Sengaji Muhamad Idrus | February 2008 | Kalake | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Riau-Lingga | Sultan Abdul Rahman II | 8 April 1964 | Bendahara | Hereditary | ||
Sumbawa | Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin IV | 5 April 2011 | Kaharuddin | Hereditary |
Malaysia
State | Constituent | Monarch | Since | House | Type | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malaysia | Johor | Sultan Ibrahim Ismail | 22 January 2010 | Temenggong | Constitutional | Hereditary | |
Kedah | Sultan Sallehuddin | 12 September 2017 | Mahawangsa | Hereditary | |||
Kelantan | Sultan Muhammad V | 13 September 2010 | Long Yunus | Hereditary | |||
Negeri Sembilan | Tuanku Muhriz | 29 December 2008 | Pagaruyung | Hereditary and elective | |||
Pahang | Al-Sultan Sultan Abdullah | 15 January 2019 | Bendahara | Hereditary | |||
Perak | Sultan Nazrin Shah | 29 May 2014 | Siak-Perak | Hereditary | |||
Perlis | Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin | 17 April 2000 | Jamalullail | Hereditary | |||
Selangor | Sultan Sharafuddin | 21 November 2001 | Daeng Chelak | Hereditary | |||
Terengganu | Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin | 16 May 1998 | Bendahara | Hereditary |
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negeri Sembilan | Jelebu | Dato' Maarof Mat Rashad | 2018 | Elective and hereditary | ||
Johol | Dato' Muhammad bin Abdullah | 27 March 2016 | Gemencheh | Elective and hereditary | ||
Naning | Dato' Mohd Nazrol Bin Mahamad Sapar | 2020 | Elective and hereditary | |||
Rembau | Dato' Muhammad Sharif Othman | 21 November 1998 | Jakun | Elective and hereditary | ||
Sungai Ujong | Dato' Mubarak Dohak | 29 December 1993 | Hulu | Elective and hereditary | ||
Tampin | Tunku Besar Razman | 26 December 2005 | Al Qadri | Hereditary |
Philippines
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Philippines | Buayan | Sultan Mohammad Amil Kusain | 28 June 2008 | Camsa | Hereditary | ||||||||||
Lanao | Sultan Mastura Manabilang | 25 May 1996 | A Maranao dynasty. The current sultan belongs principally to the House of Madaya. He also descends from the houses of Lombayao, and Marantao. | Elective | |||||||||||
Maguindanao | Macapado Benito | 11 January 2006 | Kudarat | Hereditary | |||||||||||
Panay | Sultan Cipriano Querol Jr. | 13 February 2011 | Querol | Unclear | |||||||||||
Sulu | Sultan Muedzul Lail-Tan Kiram | 16 September 2012 | Kiram | Hereditary | |||||||||||
Talik | Sultan AJ Sambuto | 22 April 2020 | Sambuto | Hereditary | |||||||||||
Lanao confederates | |||||||||||||||
Bacolod | Sultan Madki Maurak | Bacolod | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Baloi | Sultan Camad Mangotara Ali | Baloi | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Bansayan | Sultan Calicozaman Basman | Bansayan | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Bayang | Sultan Ali Manding | Bayang | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Borocot | Sultan Saidali Baniaga | Dirampaten | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Butig | Sultan Nasroden Ador | Butig | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Cabugatan | Datu Manaros Simbaan | Cabugatan | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Ditsaan | Sultan Tamano Pandapata | Ditsaan | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Dumalondong | Sultan Macaurog Guinar | Domalondong | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Maribo | Sultan Nasser Magomnang | Maribo | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Masiu | Sultan Topaan Disomimba | 4 February 2002 | Masiu | Hereditary | |||||||||||
Minitupad | Sultan Pagaranganan Mitmug | Minitupad | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Pagayawan | Sultan Mamasaranao Mulok | Pagayawan | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Ramain | Sultan Patadatu Bayas | 11 December 2002 | Ramain | Hereditary | |||||||||||
Rogon | Sultan Bangcola Adtha | Rogon | Hereditary | ||||||||||||
Taporog | Sultan Farouk Sharif | July 1998 | Taporog | Hereditary |
United Arab Emirates
State | Constituent | Monarch | Since | House | Type | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United Arab Emirates | Abu Dhabi | Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan | 14 May 2022 | Al Nahyan | Limited | Hereditary | |
Ajman | Sheikh Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi III | 6 September 1981 | Al Nuaim | Hereditary | |||
Dubai | Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid | 4 January 2006 | Al Maktoum | Hereditary | |||
Fujairah | Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammed | 18 September 1974 | Al Sharqi | Hereditary | |||
Ras al-Khaimah | Sheikh Saud bin Saqr | 27 October 2010 | Al Qasimi | Hereditary | |||
Sharjah | Sheikh Sultan III bin Mohamed | 23 June 1987 | Al Qasimi | Hereditary | |||
Umm al-Qaiwain | Sheikh Saud bin Rashid | 2 January 2009 | Al Mu‘alla | Hereditary |