List of place names of Native American origin in New England

The region of New England in the United States has numerous place names derived from the indigenous peoples of the area. New England is in the Northeastern United States, and comprises six states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Listed are well-known names of towns, significant bodies of water, and mountains. This list can virtually never be sufficiently completed as there are hundreds of thousands of place names in New England.

Formation and transmission of names

All the names in this section come to us only through persons whose first language was English and only rarely knew any other. From the few sources who were bilingual, we are fortunate to have some concept of how some of the names were segmented in the languages from which they came. Those names often tend to predominate in lists such as these, just because they are more easily understood.

Most names were received by English settlers who had little idea what they meant. Being naturally curious, they asked the natives what the names meant or conjectured among themselves or both. The natives were faced with having to explain the name in a language they knew but rudimentarily. They interpreted freely, often giving the use or features of interest about the place rather than trying to explain the elements of their language to the English. They never had a linguist's understanding of the structure of their language. Their descendants, speaking primarily English, no longer knew how to produce meaningful utterances in the language of their native forefathers.

Consequently, the names can be divided into roughly two categories: those for which the original morphology is known to some degree and those for which it is not. The meanings of the latter category are traditional only, but the tradition may not necessarily descend from a native speaker. It may have been a settler's conjecture, passed on through the social mechanism of the sacred words of the forefathers or simply because no other interpretation was available.

The mechanism can be seen most clearly in names for which both categories of meaning exist. You might read that a name is supposed to mean "the place of portage" or "the pines" when in fact those meanings are not even implied by the morphology of the name. It is entirely possible, however, that those places were used for those purposes. On the other hand, some settler may have guessed that they were used for those purposes. In cases where there is no morphology there is little point in argument over the "correct meaning" of the name, an activity enjoyed by New Englanders since settlement times, and which also you will undoubtedly see much of in Wikipedia.

New England in the early 17th century when English colonists first landed was tenanted by variously named tribes for the most part speaking languages of the Algonquian family. Our aboriginals spoke an eastern branch of the group. It often happened that whole regions were named after the tribe inhabiting it, such as Massachusetts, nor does this appear to have been an English naming convention only. In this the aboriginals were non-different from the tribes of classical Europe, whose names still dot the map of Europe.

Like the tribal names of Europe, the native names descended from an antiquity long lost. The natives themselves may not have known what they meant. For these names we have mainly tradition, but even that should be regarded as more speculative than not.

Places named after tribes

Place names on this list represent a number of tribes speaking aboriginal languages within the Algonquian family, for the most part, if in warped or anglicized form:

Connecticut

Common dialects of the Algonquian languages: Hammonasset, Mahican, Montauk, Niantic, Paugussett, Pequot-Mohegan, Podunk, Poquonock, Quinnipiac, Tunxi, Wangunk

  • Connecticut, the state, and river: (in several dialects) "place of the long river" or "by the long tidal stream"
    • Aspetuck River (and town): (Paugussett) "at the high place"
    • Cockenoe Island: (Montauk) from the name of a 17th-century native interpreter
    • Coginchaug River: (Wangunk) "place where fish are dried/cured"
    • Congamuck Ponds (on MA border Congamond Lake): (Nipmuck) "long fishing place"
    • Cos Cob: (Mohegan from Cassacubque) "high rocks"
    • Hammonassett Point: (Hammonassett) "place of sand bars"
    • Hockanum River (and community): (Podunk) "hook"
    • Housatonic River: (Mahican) "beyond the mountain"
    • Mashapaug Pond: (Nipmuck) "large pond"
    • Massapeag: (Mohegan) "place at the large cove"
    • Menunketesuck River (and Menunketesuck Island ):(Hammonasset) "strong flowing stream"
    • Mianus River (and town): (Paugussett) a 17th-century chief's name – "Mianu/Mayanno's"
    • Mohawk Mountain: eastern Iroquois tribe; Algonquian term for their western enemies – "wolves," "hungry animals," or "cannibals"
    • Mohegan: tribe; "hungry animal" or "wolf"
    • Moodus River (also reservoir, and village): (Wangunk) from "mache moodus" or "bad noises" (the Moodus noises)
    • Moosup: (Narragansett) a chief named "Mausup"
    • Mystic River (and town): (Pequot-Mohegan) "great tidal river"
    • Naugatuck River (and town): (Quinnipiac) "single tree"
    • Natchaug River: (Nipmuck) "between rivers"
    • Nepaug Reservoir: (Wangunk) "fresh pond"
    • Niantic River (and town): tribe; "point of land on tidal river"
    • Norwalk River (and city): (Algonquian) noyank or "point of land" or from the name Naramauke [1]
    • Oronoque: (Quinnipiac) "curved place" or "land at the bend"
    • Pachaug River (and pond): (Narragansett) "at the turning place"
    • Pataguanset Lake: (Niantic) "at the round, shallow place"
    • Pawcatuck River (RI border): (Niantic/Pequot) "the clear divided (tidal) stream"
    • Pequabuck: (Wangunk) "clear, open pond"
    • Pistapaug Pond: (Quinnipiac) "muddy pond"
    • Pocotopaug Lake: (Wangunk) "divided pond" or "two ponds"
    • Poquetanuck: (Mohegan) "land broken up" (like dried mud cracking)
    • Poquonock Bridge and river: (Algonquian – several) "cleared land"
    • Quaddick Reservoir: (Nipmuck) "bend in river" or (Narragansett) "boggy place"
    • Lake Quassapaug: (Quinnipiac) "big pond" or "big rock"
    • Quinebaug River (and town): (Nipmuck) "long pond"
    • Quinnipiac River: (Quinnipiac) "where we change our route"
    • Lake Quonnipaug: (Quinnipiac) "long pond"
    • Sachem Head: (Algonquian/general) "chief"
    • Saugatuck River: (Paugussett) "outlet of the tidal river"
    • Scitico: (Nipmuck) "land at the river branch"
    • Shenipsit Lake: (Mohegan) "at the great pool"
    • Shepaug River: (Tunxis) "great pond"
    • Shetucket River: (Mohegan) "land between rivers"
    • Shunock River: (Mohegan) "stony place" or possibly "place between streams"
    • Skungamug River: (Nipmuck) "eel-fishing place"
    • Taconic: (Mahican) "steep ascent"
    • Uncasville: (Mohegan) 17th-century chief's name (wonkus – "fox")
    • Wangum Lake: (Paugussett) "bend/crooked"
    • Wangumbaug Lake: (Nipmuck) "crooked pond"
    • Wangumgaug Lake: "crooked pond"
    • Lake Waramaug: (Mahican) "good fishing-place"
    • Willimantic River (and town): (Mohegan or Nipmuck) "good cedar swamp"
    • Winnepauk: (Mahican) "beautiful pond"
    • Wononpacook Pond: (Mahican) "land at the bend in the pond"
    • Wononskopomuc Lake: (Mahican) "rocks at the bend in the lake"
    • Wopowaug River: (Wangunk) "crossing-place"
    • Wopowog: (Wangunk) "crossing-place"
    • Wyassup Lake: (Mohegan) "flags" or "rushes"
    • Yantic River (and town): (Mohegan) "as far as the tide goes up this side of the river"
  • Former names:
    • Mameeg or Nameeg: (Pequot-Mohegan) "fishing place" New London
    • Miamogue: (Paugussett) "where we come together to fish" Bridgeport (harbor)
    • Nawaas: general name for Connecticut

Maine

Common languages:

Massachusetts

Common languages:

New Hampshire

Common Languages: Abnaki, Nipmuc, Pennacook

Rhode Island

Common languages:

  • Northern: Natick, Nipmuc
  • Southern: Narragansett
    • Apponaug: (Narragansett) "where oysters/shellfish are roasted" or "waiting place"
    • Aquidneck Island: (Narragansett) "at the island"
    • Canonchet: a 17th-century Narragansett chief
    • Chepachet: (Narragansett) "boundary/separation place"
    • Conanicut Island: (Narragansett) named for a 17th-century chief Canonicus
    • Conimicut: (Narragansett) thought to be named for granddaughter of Canonicus (see above)
    • Mount Hope: (from Narragansett Montop or Montaup) "look-out place" or "well-fortified island"
    • Narragansett Bay (and town): tribe: "at the narrow point"
    • Natick: tribe; "the place I seek" or "home"
    • Pascoag (and river): (Nipmuck) "the dividing place" (of river)
    • Pawtucket: (Narragansett) "at the falls in the river (tidal stream)"
    • Pettaquamscutt Rock (and river): Narragansett) "at the round rock"
    • Pontiac: famous mid-18th century Ottawa chief
    • Quonochontaug: (Narragansett) "home of the blackfish"
    • Sakonnet River (and point): (Narragansett) "home of the black goose"
    • Scituate Reservoir: (Wampanoag) "at the cold spring/brook"
    • Shawomet: (Narragansett) "at the peninsula/neck" (canoe-landing place)
    • Usquepaugh: (Narragansett) "at the end of the pond"
    • Weekapaug: (Narragansett) "at the end of the pond"
    • Woonsocket: (Nipmuck) "place of steep descent"
    • Wyoming: (Delaware) "large prairie"
  • Former names:
    • Aquidnic: (Narragansett) "the island" Rhode Island
    • Niwosaket: (Narragansett) "place of two brooks" Woonsocket
    • Manisses: (Narragansett) "little god"; (Niantic) "little island" Block Island
    • Mattoonuc Neck: (Niantic) "place at look-out hill" Point Judith
    • Maushapogue: (Narragansett) "land at the great cove" Cranston

Vermont

Common languages: Abnaki, Mahican

See also

References

External links


This page was last updated at 2019-11-15 01:27 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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