Organ system (Redirected from Organ systems)

An organ system is a biological system consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. Each organ has a specialized role in a plant or animal body, and is made up of distinct tissues.

Plants

Root and shoot systems in a eudicot

Plants have two major organ systems. Vascular plants have two distinct organ systems: a shoot system, and a root system. The shoot system consists stems, leaves, and the reproductive parts of the plant (flowers and fruits). The shoot system generally grows above ground, where it absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis. The root system, which supports the plants and absorbs water and minerals, is usually underground.

Organ system Description Component organs
Root system anchors plants into place, absorbs water and minerals, and stores carbohydrates roots
Shoot system stem for holding and orienting leaves to the sun as well as transporting materials between roots and leaves, leaves for photosynthesis, and flowers for reproduction stem, leaves, and flowers

Animals

Other animals have similar organ systems to humans although simpler animals may have fewer organs in an organ system or even fewer organ systems.

Humans

Nervous system in a human body

There are 11 distinct organ systems in human beings, which form the basis of human anatomy and physiology. The 11 organ systems include the respiratory system, digestive and excretory system, circulatory system, urinary system, integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, endocrine system, lymphatic system, nervous system, and reproductive systems. There are other systems in the body that are not organ systems. For example, the Immune system protects the organism from infection, but it is not an organ system as it is not composed of organs. Some organs are in more than one system. For example, the nose is in both the respiratory system and also is a sensory organ in the nervous system. The testes and ovary are both part of the reproductive systems and endocrine systems.

Organ system Description Component organs
Respiratory system breathing: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide human nose, human mouth, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and thoracic diaphragm.
Digestive system /excretory system digestion: breakdown and absorption of nutrients, excretion of solid wastes human teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
Circulatory system /cardiovascular/vascular circulate blood in order to transport nutrients, waste, hormones, O2, CO2, and aid in maintaining pH and temperature blood, heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
Urinary system /Renal/urinary tract maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, purify blood and excrete liquid waste (urine) kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
Integumentary system exterior protection of body and thermal regulation skin, hair, exocrine glands, fat, and nails
Skeletal system structural support and protection, production of blood cells bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons.
Muscular system movement of body, production of heat skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscle
Endocrine system communication within the body using hormones made by endocrine glands hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands, ovaries, testes
Lymphatic system return lymph to blood stream, aid immune responses, form white blood cells lymph, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, tonsils, spleen, thymus
Nervous system sensing and processing information, controlling body activities brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs and the following sensory systems (nervous sub-systems): visual system, Olfactory system, taste (gustatory system), hearing (auditory system)
Reproductive system sex organs involved in reproduction ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, penis, testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate

See also


This page was last updated at 2023-03-11 14:35 UTC. Update now. View original page.

All our content comes from Wikipedia and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.


Top

If mathematical, chemical, physical and other formulas are not displayed correctly on this page, please useFirefox or Safari