Ottoman–Persian War (1821–1823)

Ottoman–Persian War of 1821–1823
Part of the Ottoman–Persian Wars

Persian Soldiers troops at the Caucasus front.
Date10 September 1821 – 23 July 1823
Location
Result

Persian military victory

Belligerents
Qajar Iran
Commanders and leaders
Fath-Ali Shah Qajar
Abbas Mirza
Mohammad Ali Mirza
Ottoman Empire Mahmud II

The Ottoman–Persian War of 1821–1823 was fought between the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran from 1821 to 1823.

Background

Tensions between the two empires had been rising due to the Ottoman Empire's harboring of rebellious tribesmen from the Iranian Azerbaijan Province. The issues concerning the Kurdish borderland tribes such as the Haydaran and Sipki tribes had complicated the relations between the two empires. For instance, Iran launched a military campaign against Dervish Pasha, the muhafiz of Van, when he refused to return the Sipki Kurdish who took refuge and settled in Archesh.

The Ottoman-Persian War that began in 1821 was also part of a series of wars between the two empires, which was attributed to the influences of foreign powers, particularly Great Britain and the Russian Empire. The Persians and the Ottomans were within their respective spheres of influence and were drawn to their rivalry. The Russian Empire was attempting to put pressure on the Ottoman Empire, which was then at war with the Greeks.

War

Crown Prince Abbas Mirza of Persia, at the instigation of the Russian Empire, invaded Western Armenia and the areas surrounding the Iranian province of Azerbaijan. On 10 September 1821, the Iranian forces marched out of Tabriz towards the border. On 16 September, Iranian forces crossed the border at Gürbulak and stormed the Bayezid Fortress in November 1821, securing Persian supply routes. The governor of Baghdad is defeated by Mohammed Ali Mirza who then besieges the city, his untimely death ends the siege. Meanwhile, Abbas Mirza marched into eastern Anatolia with 30,000 troops and met an Ottoman army of 50,000 at the Battle of Erzurum. Abbas Mirza scored a crushing defeat over the Ottomans despite being severely outnumbered and his army suffering from a cholera epidemic.

Result

Peace was not concluded until the Treaty of Erzurum two years later; both sides recognized the previous borders established by the Treaty of Zuhab in 1639, with no territorial changes. Also included in the treaty, was the guaranteed access for Persian pilgrims to the holy sites of Mecca and Medina within the Ottoman Empire.

Notes

  1. ^ Also known as the Ottoman–Iranian War of 1821–1823, or Turko–Persian War 1821–1823.

This page was last updated at 2023-11-18 01:41 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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