Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Петропавловск-Камчатский
Aerial view of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky with the Koryaksky volcano at left
Aerial view of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
with the Koryaksky volcano at left
Flag of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Coat of arms of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Location of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Map
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is located in Russia
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Location of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is located in Kamchatka Krai
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Kamchatka Krai)
Coordinates: 53°01′N 158°39′E / 53.017°N 158.650°E / 53.017; 158.650
CountryRussia
Federal subjectKamchatka Krai
Founded17 October 1740
Government
 • BodyCity Duma
 • HeadKonstantin Bryzgin
Area
 • Total362.14 km2 (139.82 sq mi)
Elevation150 m (490 ft)
Population
 • Total179,780
 • Estimate 
(2021)
164,900
 • Rank100th in 2010
 • Density500/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
 • Subordinated toPetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City Under Krai Jurisdiction
 • Capital ofKamchatka Krai, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City Under Krai Jurisdiction
 • Urban okrugPetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Urban Okrug
 • Capital ofPetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Urban Okrug
Time zoneUTC+12 (MSK+9 Edit this on Wikidata)
Postal code(s)
683000 (main)
Dialing code(s)+7 4152
OKTMO ID30701000001
City Day17 October
Websitepkgo.ru

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Russian: Петропавловск-Камчатский, IPA: [pʲɪtrɐˈpavləfsk kɐmˈtɕatskʲɪj] ) is a city and the administrative center of Kamchatka Krai, Russia. It is located in the far east of the country and lies along the coast of Avacha Bay by the Pacific Ocean. As of the 2021 census, it had a population of 164,900.

The city is widely known simply as Petropavlovsk (literally "city of Peter and Paul"). The adjective Kamchatsky ("Kamchatkan") was added to the official name in 1924.

History

Section of Mikhail Tebenkov's 1872 Petropavlovsk harbor chart

Cossack units visited the area from 1697. The explorer and navigator Captain Vitus Bering (a Dane in the service of the Imperial Russian Navy) is considered[by whom?] to have founded the city in 1740, although navigator Ivan Fomich Yelagin [ru] had laid the foundation a few months earlier. Bering reached Avacha Bay in late 1740 and in his capacity as the superior officer, named the new settlement "Petropavlovsk" (Peter and Paul) after his two ships, the Saint Peter and the Saint Paul, which had been built in Okhotsk for his second expedition (1733–42). The town's location on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the sheltered Avacha Bay and at the mouth of the Avacha River, saw it develop to become the most important settlement in Kamchatka. It gained town status on 9 April 1812.

During the 1853–55 Crimean War, Anglo-French forces put the city under siege (August–September 1854), but it never fell. The city had been fortified under the overall command of Nikolay Muravyov (Governor-General of the Eastern Siberia Governorate-General [ru] from 1847 to 1861) in the preceding years, but possessed only a small garrison of a few hundred soldiers and sixty-seven cannon. After much exchange of fire, six hundred Anglo-French troops landed south of the city; two hundred and thirty Russian troops forced them to retreat after heavy fighting (1 September 1854). Four days later, a larger force of nine hundred Anglo-French troops landed east of the town, but again the Russians repelled the allies (5 September 1854). The allied ships then retreated from Russian Pacific waters (7 September 1854). The total Russian losses were reported[by whom?] at around a hundred men; the Anglo-French were said to have lost 209 men, over twice that number.

At the time of the surrender of Japan in World War II (August/September 1945), United States Naval Construction Battalion 114 was in the Aleutians. In September 1945 the battalion received orders to send a detachment to the USSR to build a Naval Advance Base (a Fleet Weather Central) – located ten miles outside Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and code-named TAMA. The original agreement gave the Seabees three weeks to complete the camp. Upon arrival the Soviets told the Seabees they had ten days, and were amazed that the Seabees achieved the task. It was one of two to which Stalin agreed. The other was near Khabarovsk, in buildings provided by the Russians. For mail Petropavlovsk was assigned Navy number 1169, FPO San Francisco. The American use of these two bases proved short-lived.

Petropavlovsk was a great source of fish, particularly salmon, and crab meat for the Soviet Union in the 20th century. Following the end of the Soviet era in December 1991, fishing rights have also been granted to foreign interests. Poaching of salmon for their caviar at Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy remains a problem amid lax law-enforcement and widespread corruption.

Administrative and municipal status

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is the administrative center of Kamchatka Krai. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City Under Krai Jurisdiction — an administrative unit with status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City Under Krai Jurisdiction is incorporated as Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Urban Okrug.

Geography

The city is situated at sea level and surrounded by volcanoes. The surrounding terrain is mountainous enough that the horizon cannot be seen clearly from any point in town. Across Avacha Bay from the city in Vilyuchinsk is Russia's largest submarine base, the Rybachiy Nuclear Submarine Base, established during the Soviet period and still used by the Russian Navy. The city is located 6,766 kilometres (4,204 mi) from Moscow and about 2,220 kilometres (1,380 mi) from Vladivostok. It is geographically closer to San Francisco and Seattle in United States than to Moscow.

Climate

The climate at Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy reasonably qualifies as a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc), falling just short of a humid continental climate (Dfb). However, this area's climate has strong oceanic influences due its proximity to the Pacific ocean. Average annual precipitation is 1,180 millimeters (46 in), or about 3+12 times as much as most of Siberia averages, mostly falling as frozen precipitation, primarily snow, from November to April. Average monthly precipitation is highest in autumn, with October the wettest month on average, closely followed by November. May through July are markedly the driest months on average; June is the single driest month. Winter temperatures are much milder than in Siberia. Here, average January daytime high temperatures are around −4.0 °C (24.8 °F), while average daytime high temperature in August, the warmest month, is 17 °C (63 °F). Thus, resulting from oceanic cooling, summer daytime high temperatures in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy are markedly cooler than in interior Siberia. In warmer-summer years, monthly high averages in July–August can reach 18 °C (64 °F) and higher. Days of above 20 °C (68 °F) can be expected an average of 19.6 days per summer.

Despite the generally high precipitation, the weather is less cloudy than in the adjacent Kuril Islands that are one of the least sunny places in the world, since the city is located behind a peninsula to the north that blocks some of the fog from the cold Oyashio Current offshore of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Oceanic water in Avacha Bay and adjacent bays is also warmer than coastal waters of Kuril Islands and Okhotsk sea coast (except Southern Kuriles and Southern Sakhalin).

In the spring (February to April), seawater may freeze.

Highest Temperature: 30.0 °C (86.0 °F) on July 2, 2012

Lowest Temperature: −31.7 °C (−25.1 °F) on February 14, 1917

Highest Daily Precipitation: 200.2 millimetres (7.88 in) on November 10, 2002

Wettest Year: 1,996 millimetres (78.6 in) in 1971

Driest Year: 432 millimetres (17.0 in) in 1947

Climate data for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy (1991–2020, extremes 1894–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.2
(41.4)
6.2
(43.2)
8.5
(47.3)
18.8
(65.8)
20.6
(69.1)
26.9
(80.4)
30.0
(86.0)
27.7
(81.9)
24.4
(75.9)
19.4
(66.9)
12.6
(54.7)
10.5
(50.9)
30.0
(86.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −4.0
(24.8)
−3.4
(25.9)
−0.3
(31.5)
3.6
(38.5)
8.6
(47.5)
13.7
(56.7)
17.0
(62.6)
17.5
(63.5)
14.7
(58.5)
8.5
(47.3)
1.8
(35.2)
−2.6
(27.3)
6.3
(43.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.5
(20.3)
−6.1
(21.0)
−3.4
(25.9)
0.4
(32.7)
4.8
(40.6)
9.5
(49.1)
13.0
(55.4)
13.7
(56.7)
10.7
(51.3)
5.5
(41.9)
−0.6
(30.9)
−5.0
(23.0)
3.0
(37.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −8.9
(16.0)
−8.6
(16.5)
−5.9
(21.4)
−1.9
(28.6)
2.1
(35.8)
6.6
(43.9)
10.4
(50.7)
11.1
(52.0)
7.9
(46.2)
3.0
(37.4)
−2.7
(27.1)
−7.1
(19.2)
0.5
(32.9)
Record low °C (°F) −28.6
(−19.5)
−31.7
(−25.1)
−24.8
(−12.6)
−14.8
(5.4)
−6.3
(20.7)
−1.5
(29.3)
2.5
(36.5)
4.2
(39.6)
−1.1
(30.0)
−7.5
(18.5)
−16.5
(2.3)
−26.0
(−14.8)
−31.7
(−25.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 110
(4.3)
75
(3.0)
103
(4.1)
88
(3.5)
58
(2.3)
57
(2.2)
66
(2.6)
91
(3.6)
105
(4.1)
154
(6.1)
156
(6.1)
115
(4.5)
1,178
(46.4)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 79
(31)
104
(41)
117
(46)
103
(41)
22
(8.7)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
8
(3.1)
39
(15)
472
(186)
Average rainy days 1 0.4 1 3 13 15 17 17 17 17 6 1 108
Average snowy days 18 18 18 17 7 0.1 0 0 0.03 3 15 17 113
Average relative humidity (%) 71 68 68 72 75 79 84 83 79 74 70 71 75
Mean monthly sunshine hours 105 114 176 192 193 196 169 178 178 157 122 93 1,870
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net
Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)
Climate data for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average sea temperature °C (°F) 0.1
(32.2)
-0.6
(30.9)
-0.5
(31.1)
-0.2
(31.6)
2.2
(36.0)
6.8
(44.2)
10.3
(50.5)
12.3
(54.1)
10.3
(50.5)
7.3
(45.1)
4.8
(40.6)
1.8
(35.2)
4.6
(40.3)
Source: Weather Atlas

Culture

Sports

The main association football stadium in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy is the 5,000-capacity Spartak Stadium. The former club FC Volcano played at the stadium.[citation needed]

Museums

There are multiple museums in the city.

Tourism

The city is the main gateway to the rest of Kamchatka.

Transport

The city is served by Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Elizovo) Airport, which is linked to the town and its port via the A-401 road. During the warmer months cruise ships regularly stop there for the day.

There is a bus service in the city.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1897 395—    
1926 1,691+328.1%
1939 35,373+1991.8%
1959 85,582+141.9%
1970 153,885+79.8%
1979 214,977+39.7%
1989 268,747+25.0%
2002 198,028−26.3%
2010 179,780−9.2%
2021 164,900−8.3%
Source: Census data

Ethnic Russians make up the majority of the population; the city on its own has more inhabitants than the entire neighboring Chukotka Autonomous Okrug or Magadan Oblast.

The population numbered 179,780 in 2010; 179,800 in 2011; 179,784 in 2012; 181,618 in 2013, and 164,900 in 2021.

Panorama of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky at night

Ethnic composition (2021):

Ethnic group Population Percentage
Russians 133,732 91.5%
Ukrainians 2,193 1.5%
Uzbeks 1,386 0.9%
Kyrgyz 1,244 0.9%
Other 7,593 5.2%

Politics

Results of the Russian legislative elections

Parties/Year 2003 2007 2011
Communist Party 8.83% 8.89% 17.78%
Patriots of Russia
(including former Party of Peace and Unity)
0.35% 2.31% 2.53%
A Just Russia
(including former Rodina or Motherland-National Patriotic Union
Russian Party of Life
People's Party of the Russian Federation
and Russian Ecological Party "The Greens")
13.91% 7.41% 9.93%
Yabloko
(including former Union of People for education and research: "Партия СЛОН")
8.92% 1.85% 5.10%
Right Cause
(including former Citizens' Force
Democratic Party of Russia
and Union of Rightist Forces)
4.46% 2.74% 0.67%
United Russia
(including former Agrarian Party of Russia)
35.29% 61.78% 43.59%
Liberal Democratic Party 15.25% 12.00% 18.40%
Other minor parties 12.12%
Total 99.13% 96.98% 98%

Twin towns – sister cities

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy is twinned with:

Notable people


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