Pitt–Newcastle ministry

Pitt–Newcastle ministry
William Pitt
Duke of Newcastle
Pitt (top) and Newcastle (bottom)

Between 1757 and 1762, at the height of the Seven Years' War, the Pitt–Newcastle ministry governed the Kingdom of Great Britain. It was headed by Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, serving in his second stint as prime minister. The most influential and famous minister, however, was William Pitt the Elder, Secretary of State.

History

The ministry ended a period of political instability in which Great Britain had struggled in the war. Pitt was a strong war leader but lacked the support in Parliament necessary to provide effective leadership. Newcastle provided this, as he had a solid support base in the House of Commons. They divided duties between each other; Pitt directed the defence and foreign policies, while Newcastle controlled the nation's finances and patronage.

The ministry led Britain to many victories in the war, particularly in the so-called Annus Mirabilis of 1759, which put the country in a strong position by 1761; that year, however, Pitt resigned over a dispute concerning the entry of Spain into the war. Since King George II died in 1760, the ministry had been under pressure by the accession of George III, who disliked both Pitt and Newcastle and favoured John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. Bute, a Tory, was made Northern Secretary in March 1761, and following Pitt's resignation, the ministry is otherwise referred to as the Bute–Newcastle coalition.

In 1762 Newcastle was forced to resign, with his followers (the "Pelhamites") dismissed by Bute in what became known as the "Massacre of the Pelhamite Innocents"; this is traditionally considered to have been the moment the ministry collapsed.

Ministry

It is unclear who was a member of the Cabinet.

Portfolio Minister Took office Left office
*1757 (1757)1762 (1762)
1757 (1757)1761 (1761)
1761 (1761)1762 (1762)
1757 (1757)1762 (1762)
Lord President of the Council1757 (1757)1762 (1762)
Lord Privy Seal1757 (1757)1761 (1761)
In commission
1761 (1761)1761 (1761)
1761 (1761)1762 (1762)
Leader of the House of Commons*1757 (1757)1761 (1761)
1761 (1761)1762 (1762)
Secretary of State for the Southern Department
William Pitt
*
1757 (1757)1761 (1761)
1761 (1761)1762 (1762)
Secretary of State for the Northern Department1757 (1757)1761 (1761)
1761 (1761)1762 (1762)
Master-General of the Ordnance1757 (1757)1758 (1758)
Vacant
1758 (1758)1759 (1759)
1759 (1759)1762 (1762)
First Lord of the Admiralty1757 (1757)1762 (1762)
Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland1757 (1757)1761 (1761)
1761 (1761)1762 (1762)
Lord Chamberlain of the Household1757 (1757)1762 (1762)
Lord Steward of the Household1757 (1757)1761 (1761)
1761 (1761)1762 (1762)
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster1757 (1757)1758 (1758)
1758 (1758)1762 (1762)
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
The Duke of Bedford
1757 (1757)1761 (1761)
1761 (1761)1762 (1762)
Master of the Horse1757 (1757)1760 (1760)
1760 (1760)1761 (1761)
The Duke of Rutland
1761 (1761)1762 (1762)
Paymaster of the Forces1757 (1757)1765 (1765)

See also


This page was last updated at 2023-10-30 05:10 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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