Timeline of the Göktürks

Turkic Khaganate

This is a timeline of the Göktürks from the origins of the Turkic Khaganate to the end of the Second Turkic Khaganate.

5th century

Year Date Event
439 500 families of Xiongnu tribes known as the Ashina residing around modern Turpan are subjugated by the Rouran Khaganate, who resettle them in the Altai Mountains

6th century

Year Date Event
534 Bumin of the Ashina becomes chieftain of the Turks, who migrate further east to the Yellow River
545 The Turks establish an alliance with the Western Wei
546 Bumin of the Turks quells a Tiele revolt for the Rouran Khaganate and asks for a Rouran princess for his service but is denied, after which he declares independence
551 Bumin declares himself Khagan and supreme ruler of the Turks
Bumin Qaghan marries Princess Changle of the Western Wei
552 Bumin Qaghan defeats Anagui of the Rouran Khaganate and Anagui commits suicide; Bumin declares himself Illig Khagan of the Turkic Khaganate after conquering Otuken; Bumin dies soon after and his son Issik Qaghan succeeds him
553 Issik Qaghan continues attacking the Rouran Khaganate and dies; his brother Muqan Qaghan succeeds him
554 Muqan Qaghan defeats the Rouran Khaganate
557 Battle of Bukhara: Istämi (brother of Bumin) of the western Turkic Khaganate makes an alliance with the Sasanian Empire; they attack the Hephthalites
563 Istämi of the Turkic Khaganate defeats the Hephthalite Empire in battle
568 Envoys reach the Byzantine Empire asking for them to hand over the Avars, slaves of the Turkic Khaganate
572 Muqan Qaghan dies and is succeeded by his brother Taspar Qaghan
580 Taspar Qaghan marries Princess Qianjin of Northern Zhou
581 Göktürk civil war: Taspar Qaghan dies and his designated heir Apa Qaghan, son of Muqan Qaghan, goes to war with Ishbara Qaghan, son of Issik Qaghan; Amrak, son of Taspar Qaghan, renounces his claim to the throne
582 Ishbara Qaghan conducts raids on China
583 Göktürk civil war: Apa Qaghan is defeated by Ishbara Qaghan and flees to Tardu, son of Istämi, of the Western Turkic Khaganate
584 Göktürk civil war: Tardu of the Western Turkic Khaganate defeats Ishbara Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate
585 Ishbara Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate is defeated by the Sui dynasty
587 Ishbara Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate dies and is succeeded by his brother Bagha Qaghan, who captures Apa Qaghan
588 First Perso-Turkic War: Bagha Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate invades Herat but is defeated and dies from a stray arrow; he is succeeded by Tulan Qaghan, son of Ishbara Qaghan
597 Tulan Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate attacks Yami Qaghan, son of Bagha Qaghan, and forces him to flee to the Sui dynasty
599 Tulan Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate is killed by his subordinates and is succeeded by Yami Qaghan, son of Bagha Qaghan, while Tardu of the Western Turkic Khaganate declares himself ruler of all Turks
Tardu of the Western Turkic Khaganate attacks the Sui dynasty

7th century

Year Date Event
600 Tardu of the Western Turkic Khaganate attacks the Sui dynasty
602 Tardu of the Western Turkic Khaganate attacks Yami Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate in Ordos
603 Tardu of the Western Turkic Khaganate is ousted and flees to the Tuyuhun; he is succeeded by Heshana Khagan, great-grandson of Tardu
605 Yami Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate attacks the Khitans on behalf of the Sui dynasty
Heshana Khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate is forced to flee to the Sui dynasty due to a rebellion
610 Heshana Khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate is defeated by Sheguy, grandson of Tardu, who succeeds him
611 Yami Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate is succeeded by his son Shibi Khan
Heshana Khagan flees to the Sui dynasty
615 Shibi Khan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate attacks the Sui dynasty.
617 Shibi Khan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate aids Emperor Gaozu of Tang in his rebellion against the Sui dynasty
Sheguy of the Western Turkic Khaganate is succeeded by his brother Tong Yabghu Qaghan
618 Heshana Khagan is killed by envoys from the Eastern Turkic Khaganate
619 Shibi Khan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate is succeeded by his brother Chuluo
620 Chuluo of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate is succeeded by his brother Illig Qaghan
622 Illig Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate attacks the Tang dynasty
624 Illig Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate and his nephew Tölis Qaghan invade the Tang dynasty but Li Shimin contacts Tölis and persuades him not to attack, forcing the invasion to a halt
625 Illig Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate conducts raids on the Tang dynasty but is repulsed
626 Illig Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate invades the Tang dynasty and the newly crowned Emperor Taizong of Tang agrees to payments of tribute
627 Third Perso-Turkic War: Tong Yabghu Qaghan of the Western Turkic Khaganate attacks the Sasanian Empire and captures Derbent and Tbilisi
The Karluks revolt against the Western Turkic Khaganate
Tang and Uyghur forces engage in battle with the Turks and Tibetans.
628 The Xueyantuo and Kumo Xi revolt against the Eastern Turkic Khaganate
630 Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks: Illig Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate is defeated by Li Jing of the Tang dynasty and captured by Li Shiji but released; the Eastern Turkic Khaganate becomes a vassal of Tang
Xuanzang visits the court of Tong Yabghu Qaghan of the Western Turkic Khaganate
Tong Yabghu Qaghan of the Western Turkic Khaganate is murdered by his uncle Külüg Sibir
Külüg Sibir of the Western Turkic Khaganate is killed by Irbis Bolun Cabgu, son of Tong Yabghu Qaghan
The Western Turkic Khaganate disintegrates into two loose tribal confederations, the western Nushibi and eastern Dulu Turks, collectively known as the On Oq (Ten Arrows)
632 Irbis Bolun Cabgu of the Western Turkic Khaganate is ousted; he is succeeded by Dulu Khan, son of Bagha Shad, a close kinsman of Tong Yabghu Qaghan
634 Dulu Khan of the Western Turkic Khaganate abdicates and is succeeded by his brother Ishbara Tolis
638 Ishbara Tolis of the Western Turkic Khaganate is ousted in favor of Yukuk Shad, son of Illig Qaghan
642 Yukuk Shad of the Western Turkic Khaganate flees west and is replaced by Irbis Seguy, grandson of Ishbara Tolis
649 Irbis Seguy of the Western Turkic Khaganate flees west, and is replaced by Ashina Helu, a descendant of Istämi
651 Ashina Helu of the Western Turkic Khaganate raids Tingzhou
653 Zhenzhu Yabgu attacks Ashina Helu of the Western Turkic Khaganate
656 Karluk and Turgesh forces of the Western Turkic Khaganate are defeated by Cheng Yaojin
657 Battle of Irtysh River: Ashina Helu of the Western Turkic Khaganate is defeated by Su Dingfang of the Tang dynasty
658 Conquest of the Western Turks: Ashina Helu of the Western Turkic Khaganate is defeated by Su Dingfang of the Tang dynasty and lives out the rest of his days in Chang'an; the Western Turkic Khaganate is annexed by Tang
660 Remnants of the Western Turkic Khaganate join the Tibetan Empire in attacking Shule (Kashgar)
665 Remnants of the Western Turkic Khaganate join the Tibetan Empire in attacking Yutian (Hotan)
677 Remnants of the Western Turkic Khaganate join the Tibetan Empire in capturing Qiuci (Kucha)
679 Ashide Wenfu and Ashide Fengzhi of the Chanyu Protectorate make Ashina Nishufu a Khagan and revolt against Tang dynasty.
680 Pei Xingjian defeats Ashina Nishufu and Ashina Nishufu is killed by his men.
Ashide Wenfu makes Ashina Funian a Khagan and revolts against Tang dynasty.
681 Ashide Wenfu and Ashina Funian surrender to Pei Xingjian.
Ilterish Qaghan revolts with the remnants of Ashina Funian's men.
682 Ilterish Qaghan declares the Second Turkic Khaganate
Ilterish Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate attacks the Tang dynasty
683 Ilterish Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate attacks the Tang dynasty
684 Ilterish Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate attacks the Tang dynasty
685 Ilterish Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate attacks the Tang dynasty
687 Ilterish Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate attacks the Tang dynasty
692 Ilterish Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate dies and is succeeded by his brother Qapaghan Qaghan
693 Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate conducts raids against the Tang dynasty
694 Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate conducts raids against the Tang dynasty
696 Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate defeats the Khitans to the east and raids the Tang dynasty
697 Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate conducts raids against the Tang dynasty
698 Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate conducts raids against the Tang dynasty

8th century

Year Date Event
702 Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate conducts raids against the Tang dynasty
706 Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate conducts raids against the Tang dynasty
707 Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate conducts raids against the Tang dynasty
711 Battle of Bolchu: Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate defeats the Turgesh
713 Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate sends an army to aid Soghd against the Umayyad Caliphate but is defeated and retreats the following year
716 22 July Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate is killed in an ambush and Bilge Khagan, son of Ilterish Qaghan, succeeds him.
Tonyukuk memorial erected near Orkhon river.
720 Bilge Khagan of the Second Turkic Khaganate invades the Tang dynasty and extracts tribute
731 27 February Death of Kul Tigin.
734 25 November Bilge Khagan of the Second Turkic Khaganate is assassinated and his son Yollıg Khagan succeeds him only to die in the same year; he is replaced by his brother Tengri Qaghan under the care of his mother Po Beg
741 Tengri Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate is murdered by Pan Kültiğin, one of his shads (governor), who is then defeated by the Basmyl, and Kutluk Yabgu Khagan, son of Ilterish Qaghan succeeds him
742 The Basmyl, Uyghurs, and Karluks revolt against the Second Turkic Khaganate and Kutluk Yabgu Khagan is killed; Özmiş Khagan, son of Pan Kültiğin, succeeds him
744 The Uyghurs dismantle the Second Turkic Khaganate, establishing the Uyghur Khaganate; Özmiş Khagan is killed

This page was last updated at 2024-01-20 06:45 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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