United States Bowling Congress

United States Bowling Congress
Logo of the United States Bowling Congress (USBC).svg
SportTen-Pin Bowling
JurisdictionNational
Membership1.4 million
AbbreviationUSBC
Founded2005 (2005)
HeadquartersArlington, Texas, United States
Location621 Six Flags Drive
DirectorChad Murphy
ReplacedAmerican Bowling Congress, Women's International Bowling Congress, Young American Bowling Alliance, USA Bowling
Official website
www.bowl.com
United States

The United States Bowling Congress (USBC) is a sports membership organization dedicated to ten-pin bowling in the United States. It was formed in 2005 by a merger of the American Bowling Congress — the original codifier of all tenpin bowling standards, rules and regulations from 1895 onwards; the Women's International Bowling Congress — founded in 1916, as the female bowlers' counterpart to the then all-male ABC; the Young American Bowling Alliance, and USA Bowling. The USBC's headquarters are located in Arlington, Texas, after having moved from the Milwaukee suburb of Greendale, Wisconsin in November 2008. The move enabled the USBC to combine its operations with the Bowling Proprietors' Association of America (BPAA).[1]

Purpose

The USBC is the national governing body for ten-pin bowling in the United States. It has approximately 3,000 local associations across the USA serving over 2 million members. Among its duties and responsibilities to these members are:[2]

  • Maintain specifications, conduct research testing for, and certify: bowling lanes, lane dressings, pin setting and ball return equipment, bowling pins, bowling balls and other bowling-related products.
  • Establish and publish playing rules, and provide counselors to help interpret them.
  • Certify leagues and tournaments.
  • Protect the financial investment of certified leagues through its league bonding program.
  • Manage Team USA as it competes in international tournaments.
  • Conduct championship tournaments: USBC Masters, USBC Queens, USBC Open Championships, USBC Women's Championships, USBC Youth Open, USBC Junior Gold Championships, USBC Intercollegiate Team Championships, USBC Intercollegiate Singles Championships, USBC Senior Masters, USBC Senior Queens, Team USA Trials, USBC Senior Championships and Pepsi USBC Youth Championships.
  • Provides 'Lifetime Achievement' awards, one award only for achievements (300 games and 800 series for three games, among others) accomplished in USBC-sanctioned leagues or tournaments.
  • Maintain historical records of bowler averages for use in USBC-sanctioned leagues and tournaments.
  • Certify coaches for both youth and adult bowlers.
  • Regulate and promote high school and collegiate bowling.
  • Manage SMART (Scholarship Management and Accounting Report for Tenpins), the only youth scholarship fund recognized by the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), through a separate corporation.

History

Clipping from a Brooklyn newspaper article, published September 10, 1895, reporting on the first meeting of the American Bowling Congress, noting its unanimous approval of two-roll frames but narrowly defeating a proposal to make the maximum score 200.[3]
Poster for the first national bowling competition sanctioned by the American Bowling Congress (1901). Highest per-game average scores for individual competition (216), doubles (200), five-man teams (181).[4] A protest was filed against the highest-scoring doubles team, alleging use of a ball that was a quarter-inch larger in circumference than permitted by ABC regulations.[5]
Badge for the first ABC-sanctioned national bowling tournament (1901) showing how bowling balls of the day generally had a thumb hole and only a single finger hole.[6]
The 1901 tournament, though the largest field ever assembled, had six new lacquer-covered lanes, $1200 in total prizes, and first-prize purses ranging from $50 (individual competition) to $200 (five-man teams).

Moses Bensinger was influential in setting up the American Bowling Congress (A.B.C.) in 1895.[7][8][9][10][11][12] On September 9, 1895, the A.B.C. was officially formed as a permanent organization at Beethoven Hall on east Fifth Street in New York City.[13][14] The A.B.C. had their first formal annual meeting four days later on September 13 at the Elephant club on Fulton Street in Brooklyn and adopted the proposed constitution and by-laws.[15] The new organization took effect officially on October 15, 1895.[16] It is a legislative body that enforces uniform bowlers' rules and regulations,[17][18][19] through a set of by-laws and a constitution of Articles,[20] for all in the United States to follow as the official standard for ten-pin bowling.[21][22][23][24] Before the USBC's existence, the A.B.C. standardized and governed all tenpin bowling equipment as well for the modern sport, through to the time of consolidation under the USBC.[25] It is much like the baseball National League and the Bicycle law in the United States.[18] This was a codification of the preexisting rules and regulations through the by-laws of the American Bowling Congress.[26] It eliminated gambling on contests, as prize money could now be earned honestly in tournaments.[27][28] This was done by a uniform method of scoring that was enforceable by the A.B.C. bowling laws that then made it fair for all bowlers throughout the United States.[29][30][31][32] Bowling equipment made by the Brunswick Company, like the alleys, pins and balls, were uniform based on certain measurements and requirements set in place by the American Bowling Congress.[33][34][35][36] All the large national bowling centers with regulation Brunswick equipment - and much later, in the era of the automatic pinspotter, the AMF firm - were under the constitution and by-laws of the A.B.C. organization by 1905.[37][38][39]

Historically, the membership of the ABC was all male (white males only in 1916–1950), but beginning in 1993 women were permitted to join. In 1916 the Women's International Bowling Congress (WIBC) was formed by a group of 40 women, and up until 2004 served as a partner organization of the ABC. The Young American Bowling Alliance (YABA) was established in 1982, after previously existing as the American Junior Bowling Congress founded in 1958, to serve youth bowlers from pre-school through collegiate level. Prior to the formation of the USBC, the national governing body for bowling was USA Bowling, which oversaw the participation of Team USA in international events. These four organizations merged to form USBC on January 1, 2005.[2]

USBC Hall of Fame

The USBC Hall of Fame[40] was formed in 2005 by the merger of the ABC Hall of Fame (established 1941) and WIBC Hall of Fame (established 1953).

As of 2016, there are 417 Hall of Fame members[41] in five categories:

  • Superior Performance (217)
  • Meritorious Service (117)
  • Veterans (50)
  • Pioneer (20)
  • Outstanding USBC Performance (13)*

* Category introduced in 2011, with Jeff Richgels as the inaugural member. Recognizes those who have had noteworthy performances in one of the USBC national tournaments.

The USBC Hall of Fame has its home at the International Bowling Museum on the International Bowling Campus in Arlington, Texas (along with the International Bowling Hall of Fame). The induction ceremony is held annually in the spring.[42]

USBC in the media

The USBC Masters, one of four major tournaments the PBA holds each season, is conducted by the USBC as a part of the PBA Tour. The 2013, 2014 and 2015 events were all won by Australian Jason Belmonte, who became the only player in history to win this tournament in three consecutive years.[43] Belmonte's streak was broken in 2016 by American 19-year-old Anthony Simonsen, who made history as the youngest-ever winner of a PBA major tournament.[44] Belmonte won the 2017 event for an unprecedented fourth Masters title.[45] The most recent champion, crowned on April 1, 2019, is American Jakob Butturff of Chandler, Arizona.[46]

The USBC Queens, one of four major tournaments on the Professional Women's Bowling Association (PWBA) Tour, is conducted by the USBC. The 2019 event was won by Ukrainian-born Dasha Kovalova, who bowled collegiately at Wichita State University.[47]

The USBC Intercollegiate Team Championships, a.k.a. ITC, the national championship of collegiate bowling, is conducted by USBC and has been televised on a tape-delay basis since 2002.[48] For the first time, in 2012, USBC also televised the Intercollegiate Singles Championships as part of a four-week series on CBS Sports Network.[49] Both events were televised in high definition for the first time in 2012.[50]

USBC was the presenting sponsor of the PBA Women's Series for three seasons, beginning with the 2007-08 season. In the 2009–10 season, USBC changed the name of its presenting sponsorship to BOWL.com, the organization's website, which was re-launched on August 3, 2009. USBC did not renew its sponsorship for the 2010–11 season.[51]

In 2007, USBC acquired the rights to the U.S. Women's Open from the Bowling Proprietors' Association of America (BPAA). The event, which had been on a three-year hiatus following the disbanding of the PWBA in 2003, was telecast for five weeks on ESPN in September–October, 2007. ESPN again held multi-week broadcasts of the event in 2008, while ESPN2 did the same in 2009. In 2010, USBC reverted to a more traditional format and a one-day stepladder-style TV finals, airing live on ESPN2. That event was held in the Dallas/Fort Worth area, with Kelly Kulick winning. Kulick became the first bowler ever to win the USBC Queens and US Women's Open in the same year.[52] USBC announced in May, 2010 that it would not conduct the US Women's Open in 2011,[51] as the BPAA had agreed to resume its association with the tournament. The TV finals took place June 30, 2011 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, where Leanne Hulsenberg was crowned champion.[53]

In May 2008, USBC conducted a special made-for-TV event called "Bowling's Clash of the Champions". The taped telecast was broadcast May 10 and 11 on CBS, marking the first time bowling had been broadcast on regular network television since June 26, 1999.[54] The event featured eight male and eight female bowlers representing youth, college, senior, amateur and professional bowlers who had won recent USBC titles. It was won by Lynda Barnes.[55] The event returned to CBS in 2009, when it was won by Chris Barnes, Lynda's husband.[56]

In 2009, USBC began showing championship competition live free on its website, BOWL.com.[57] In 2011, USBC moved this coverage to its YouTube channel, YouTube.com/BowlTV.[58] BowlTV's coverage was primarily anchored by Lucas Wiseman before he left the organization in December 2015.[59]

In 2018 controversy emerged over Executive Director Chad Murphy for bullying employees and committee members and manipulating the board nominating committee.[60]

USBC rule changes

USBC rule changes occur at the national convention, and take effect for leagues starting after August 1 of each year. Rule changes are published in a new printed guide every two years. Updated rulebooks are available online at bowl.com.

SMART program

The SMART program (Scholarship Management and Accounting Report for Tenpins) was established in 1994 in order to manage and store bowling scholarships until the youth bowler requests the use of the scholarships for college.[61] The bowling scholarships can be from winning tournaments to filling out scholarship application forms. Recently the validity of the term "scholarship" for the SMART program has been questioned by the MHSAA (Michigan High School Athletic Association). The association questions where the education requirements are in earning the "scholarships." Most bowling scholarships earned are from winning a tournament, and are awarded as a cash prize in the form of a scholarship with no GPA or formal scholarly work necessary to claim the money once in college. This in turn has caused the MHSAA to rule high school athletes "ineligible" due to "accepting cash, checks, or any other form of award over $25 in value." This rule is highly debated and has questionable means of enforcement.[62] To receive such scholarships, the athlete must simply sign into their SMART account and fill out the necessary information whereupon the money is sent directly to the schools, not given to the athlete themselves. There are special circumstances which allow money be sent directly to the athlete.[63]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Miller, Mark. "Preparations for USBC's new home in Texas begin." Article at www.bowl.com, July 23, 2008.
  2. ^ a b United States Bowling Congress "About USBC" page
  3. ^ "New Rules For Bowlers / The National Congress Makes Radical Changes". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 10, 1895. p. 5. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018.
  4. ^ "Bowlers' Tourney in Chicago / New York Teams First and Second in Two-Men Contest". The New York Times. January 12, 1901. p. 9. — F. Brill (Chicago) scored highest in the individual competition (averaging 216/game); Voorhees and Starr (New York) scored highest in doubles (averaging 200/game), and the Standard Bowling Club of Chicago scored highest among five-man teams (averaging 181/game).
  5. ^ "Protest New York Bowlers / Chicagoan Objects to Awarding Championship to Starr and Voorhies". The New York Times. January 12, 1901. p. 9.
  6. ^ "History of Bowling". BowlingMuseum.com. International Bowling Museum & Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on December 9, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
  7. ^ Jones 2012, p. 66.
  8. ^ Riess & Gems 2009, p. 13.
  9. ^ Pfister 2013, p. 47.
  10. ^ Mitchell 2001, p. 401.
  11. ^ Martin & Lehman 1994, p. 298.
  12. ^ Cayton, Andrew R. L., Editor; Sisson, Richard; Zacher, Chris (8 November 2006). The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia. ISBN 0253003490. Retrieved September 26, 2016. In 1895, Moses Bensinger of the Brunswick Company founded the primarily mid-western American Bowling Congress.
  13. ^ Bunyan 2010, p. 164.
  14. ^ "New Rules for Bowlers". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. September 10, 1895 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  15. ^ "American Bowling Congress". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. December 30, 1895 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  16. ^ "Bowlers leave today for Buffalo Congress". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. January 19, 1902 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  17. ^ Belsky 2016, p. 190.
  18. ^ a b "American Bowling Congress / It will introduce uniform playing Rules throughout the country". St. Louis Dispatch. St. Louis. January 22, 1896 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  19. ^ "A.B.C. Institutes Tourney Reforms". Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. January 1, 1911 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  20. ^ "A Bowling Congress". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. January 14, 1896 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  21. ^ Schmidt 2007, p. 4.
  22. ^ Grasso & Hartman 2014, p. 27.
  23. ^ "New Bowling Rules". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. October 12, 1895 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  24. ^ "BOWLING". Harrisburg Telegraph. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. January 19, 1945 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  25. ^ Rotary International 1960, p. 57.
  26. ^ Wiedman 2015, p. 9.
  27. ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 407.
  28. ^ "Among the Local Bowlers". Pittsburgh Daily Post. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. September 11, 1903 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  29. ^ "Western Bowlers Firm". Indianapolis News. Indianapolis, Indiana. January 27, 1904 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  30. ^ "Another Row at the Tourney". Minneapolis. Minneapolis, Minnesota. March 22, 1906 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  31. ^ "Tourney Trouble". Morning News. Wilmington, Delaware. March 23, 1906 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  32. ^ "Trouble Started in Bowling Meet". Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake, Utah. March 24, 1906 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  33. ^ De Puy 1908, p. 552.
  34. ^ Werner Company 1905, p. 562.
  35. ^ "Bowling Notes". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. October 25, 1900 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  36. ^ "American Bowling Congress restricts weight of ball to 16 1/2 pounds". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. February 24, 1903 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  37. ^ "On The Bowling Alleys". Chicago Daily Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. January 15, 1905 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  38. ^ "Champion Bowlers compete for $10,000 in prizes". Arkansas Democrat. Little Rock, Arkansas. February 19, 1905 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  39. ^ "Big Bowling Tourney Is On". Reading Times. Reading, Pennsylvania. February 20, 1905 – via Newspapers.com open access.
  40. ^ United States Bowling Congress Hall of Fame official webpage. USBC website. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
  41. ^ Cannizzaro, Matt (January 13, 2017). "Ozio elected to 2017 USBC Hall of Fame class". Bowl.com. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  42. ^ United States Bowling Congress "Hall of Fame" page
  43. ^ Schneider, Jerry (February 8, 2015). "Belmonte Becomes First to Win Three Consecutive USBC Masters Titles". pba.com. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  44. ^ Cannizzaro, Matt (February 14, 2016). "19-Year-Old Simonsen Wins USBC Masters to Become Youngest to Win a Major Title". pba.com. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  45. ^ Schneider, Jerry (February 26, 2017). "Australia's Jason Belmonte Dominates USBC Masters, Wins Record Fourth Title, Eighth Career PBA Major". pba.com. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  46. ^ Vint, Bill (April 1, 2019). "Jakob Butturff Wins USBC Masters for First Major Title". pba.com. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  47. ^ Smith, Aaron (May 21, 2019). "DASHA KOVALOVA WINS 2019 USBC QUEENS". bowl.com. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  48. ^ Official ITC webpage
  49. ^ Official ISC webpage
  50. ^ [1]
  51. ^ a b USBC press release
  52. ^ USOC's official bowling webpage
  53. ^ "BPAA press release". Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-08-18.
  54. ^ "Special event brings bowling back to network television" January 22, 2008.
  55. ^ "Bill Zuben". Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-08-18.
  56. ^ Bowling Digital
  57. ^ BOWL.com
  58. ^ [2]
  59. ^ Lucas Wiseman, the main voice of BowlTV, leaves USBC after 13 successful years
  60. ^ [3]
  61. ^ "USBC SMART Program Manual" (PDF). USBC SMART Program. United States Bowling Congress. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
  62. ^ Allen, Randy. "MHSAA Bowling Coaches Rules Meeting PowerPoint". MHSAA Bowling Coaches Rules Meeting. MHSAA. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  63. ^ "USBC SMART Program Manual" (PDF). USBC SMART Program. United States Bowling Congress. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2011.

Sources

External links


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