Vice President of Brazil
| Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil | |
|---|---|
| Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil | |
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 Vice presidential standard | |
| Federal government of Brazil | |
| Style | Mr. Vice President (informal) The Most Excellent and His Excellency (formal) |
| Member of | Cabinet National Defense Council |
| Residence | Palácio do Jaburu |
| Seat | Brasilia |
| Appointer | Direct popular vote (two rounds if necessary) |
| Term length | Four years, renewable once consecutively |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Brazil |
| Inaugural holder | Marshal Floriano Peixoto |
| Formation | February 26, 1891 |
| Succession | First |
| Website | Vice Presidency |
| This article is part of a series on the |
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The vice president of Brazil (Portuguese: Vice-Presidente do Brasil), officially the vice president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil), or simply the vice president of the republic (Vice-Presidente da República) is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the President. The vice president's primary role is to replace the president on the event of their death, resignation, or impeachment, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the president is abroad, or otherwise temporarily unable to carry out their duties. The vice president is elected jointly with the president as their running mate.
The office has existed since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, although it was only officially instituted as of the 1891 Constitution. It has been in place throughout all of Brazil's republican history, save for the fifteen years of the Vargas Era when it was officially abolished.
Requirements
The requirements to run for the office of vice president are exactly those of the presidency itself. In addition to the ordinary requirements to run for political office in Brazil, under the terms of article 14 of the Constitution, a candidate for the vice presidency must be a natural-born citizen of Brazil (which under certain circumstances may include the offspring of one or two Brazilian parents living abroad) and be at least 35 years of age.
Election and tenure
The president and the vice president are elected on a single ticket for a four-year term and are inaugurated on 1 January of the year following that of the election. Both may be re-elected for a subsequent term.
Vice presidents succeeding a sitting president may be reelected for an additional term. However, the vice president is not eligible to run for a second full term, as under Brazilian law any partial term counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. Due to the wording of the constitution's provisions on term limits, whenever the vice president serves as acting president when the president is either abroad or suspended from office as a result of impeachment, it counts as a partial term.
Workplace and official residence
The vice president works in an annex building of the Palácio do Planalto. The official residence of the vice president is the Palácio do Jaburu, inaugurated in 1977.
Ascension to the presidency
Since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, eight vice presidents have been called upon to replace former presidents: four due to death of the incumbent (Nilo Peçanha, Delfim Moreira, Café Filho, and José Sarney), two due to resignation (Floriano Peixoto and João Goulart), and two due to impeachment conviction (Itamar Franco and Michel Temer).
List of vice presidents
| No. | Portrait | Vice President | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Election | President | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Floriano Peixoto (1839–1895) | 26 February 1891 | 23 November 1891 | 270 days | Military dictatorship | 1891 | Deodoro da Fonseca (Military dictatorship) | ||
| – | Vacant | 23 November 1891 | 14 November 1894 | 2 years, 357 days | Vacant | – | Floriano Peixoto (Military dictatorship) | ||
| 2 | Manuel Vitorino (1853–1902) | 15 November 1894 | 14 November 1898 | 4 years, 0 days | PR Federal | 1894 | Prudente de Morais (PR Federal) | ||
| 3 | Rosa e Silva (1857–1929) | 15 November 1898 | 14 November 1902 | 4 years, 0 days | PR Federal | 1898 | Campos Sales (PRP) | ||
| – | Silviano Brandão (1848–1902) | Never took office | – | PR Mineiro | 1902 | Rodrigues Alves (PRP) | |||
| – | Vacant | 15 November 1902 | 17 June 1903 | 214 days | Vacant | – | Rodrigues Alves (PRP) | ||
| 4 | Afonso Pena (1847–1909) | 17 June 1903 | 14 November 1906 | 3 years, 151 days | PR Mineiro | 1903 | Rodrigues Alves (PRP) | ||
| 5 | Nilo Peçanha (1867–1924) | 15 November 1906 | 14 June 1909 | 2 years, 211 days | PRF | 1910 | Afonso Pena (PR Mineiro) | ||
| – | Vacant | 14 June 1909 | 14 November 1910 | 1 year, 154 days | Vacant | – | Nilo Peçanha (PRF) | ||
| 6 | Venceslau Brás (1868–1966) | 15 November 1910 | 14 November 1914 | 4 years, 0 days | PR Mineiro | 1910 | Hermes da Fonseca (PRC) | ||
| 7 | Urbano Santos (1859–1922) | 15 November 1914 | 14 November 1918 | 4 years, 0 days | PR Mineiro | 1914 | Venceslau Brás (PR Mineiro) | ||
| 8 | Delfim Moreira (1868–1920) | 15 November 1918 | 1 July 1920 | 1 year, 229 days | PR Mineiro | 1918 | Rodrigues Alves (PRP) Epitácio Pessoa (PR Mineiro) | ||
| – | Vacant | 1 July 1920 | 10 November 1920 | 132 days | Vacant | – | Epitácio Pessoa (PR Mineiro) | ||
| 9 | Bueno de Paiva (1861–1928) | 10 November 1920 | 14 November 1922 | 2 years, 5 days | PR Mineiro | 1920 | Epitácio Pessoa (PR Mineiro) | ||
| – | Urbano Santos (1859–1922) | Never took office | – | PR Mineiro | 1922 | Artur Bernardes (PR Mineiro) | |||
| 10 | Estácio Coimbra (1872–1937) | 15 November 1922 | 14 November 1926 | 4 years, 0 days | PRB | 1922 | Artur Bernardes (PR Mineiro) | ||
| 11 | Melo Viana (1878–1954) | 15 November 1926 | 24 November 1930 | 4 years, 9 days | PR Mineiro | 1926 | Washington Luís (PRP) | ||
| – | Vital Soares (1874–1933) | Never took office | – | Baiano Republican Party | 1930 | Júlio Prestes (PRP) | |||
| 12 | Nereu Ramos (1888–1958) | 19 September 1946 | 31 January 1951 | 4 years, 134 days | PSD | 1945 | Eurico Gaspar Dutra (PSD) | ||
| 13 | Café Filho (1899–1970) | 31 January 1951 | 24 August 1954 | 3 years, 205 days | PSP | 1950 | Getúlio Vargas (PTB) | ||
| – | Vacant | 24 August 1954 | 30 January 1956 | 1 year, 160 days | Vacant | – | Café Filho (PSP) Carlos Luz (PSD) Nereu Ramos (PSD) | ||
| 14 | João Goulart (1919–1976) | 31 January 1956 | 25 August 1961 | 5 years, 206 days | PTB | 1955 1960 | Juscelino Kubitschek (PSD) Jânio Quadros (PTN) | ||
| – | Vacant | 25 August 1961 | 15 April 1964 | 2 years, 234 days | Vacant | – | Ranieri Mazzilli (PSD) João Goulart (PTB) Ranieri Mazzilli (PSD) | ||
| 15 | José Maria Alkmin (1901–1974) | 15 April 1964 | 15 March 1967 | 2 years, 334 days | PSD ARENA | 1964 | Castelo Branco (Military dictatorship) | ||
| 16 | Pedro Aleixo (1901–1975) | 15 March 1967 | 31 August 1969 | 2 years, 169 days | ARENA | 1966 | Costa e Silva (ARENA) | ||
| – | Vacant | 31 August 1969 | 30 October 1969 | 60 days | Vacant | – | Provisory Governative Junta (Military junta) | ||
| 17 | Augusto Rademaker (1905–1985) | 30 October 1969 | 14 March 1974 | 4 years, 136 days | ARENA | 1969 | Emílio Garrastazu Médici (ARENA) | ||
| 18 | Adalberto Pereira dos Santos (1905–1984) | 15 March 1974 | 14 March 1979 | 5 years, 0 days | ARENA | 1974 | Ernesto Geisel (ARENA) | ||
| 19 | Aureliano Chaves (1929–2003) | 15 March 1979 | 14 March 1985 | 6 years, 0 days | ARENA PDS PFL | 1978 | João Figueiredo (ARENA) | ||
| 20 | José Sarney (born 1930) | 15 March 1985 | 21 April 1985 | 37 days | PMDB | 1985 | Tancredo Neves (PMDB) | ||
| – | Vacant | 21 April 1985 | 14 March 1990 | 4 years, 328 days | Vacant | – | José Sarney (PMDB) | ||
| 21 | Itamar Franco (1929–2011) | 15 March 1990 | 29 December 1992 | 2 years, 289 days | PRN PMDB | 1989 | Fernando Collor (PRN) | ||
| – | Vacant | 29 December 1992 | 31 December 1994 | 2 years, 3 days | Vacant | – | Itamar Franco (PMDB) | ||
| 22 | Marco Maciel (1940–2021) | 1 January 1995 | 31 December 2002 | 8 years, 0 days | PFL | 1994 1998 | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) | ||
| 23 | José Alencar (1931–2011) | 1 January 2003 | 31 December 2010 | 8 years, 0 days | PL PRB | 2002 2006 | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) | ||
| 24 | Michel Temer (born 1940) | 1 January 2011 | 31 August 2016 | 5 years, 243 days | MDB | 2010 2014 | Dilma Rousseff (PT) | ||
| – | Vacant | 31 August 2016 | 31 December 2018 | 2 years, 123 days | Vacant | – | Michel Temer (MDB) | ||
| 25 | Hamilton Mourão (born 1953) | 1 January 2019 | 31 December 2022 | 4 years, 0 days | PRTB Republicanos | 2018 | Jair Bolsonaro (PL) | ||
| 26 | Geraldo Alckmin (born 1952) | 1 January 2023 | Incumbent | 232 days | PSB | 2022 | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) | ||
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