Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa

The proportions of various human Y-DNA haplogroups vary significantly from one ethnic or language group to another in Africa.

Data in the table below are based on genetic research. Each group sampled is identified in the second column by linguistic designation: AA = Afroasiatic, KS = Khoisan, NS = Nilo-Saharan and NC = Niger–Congo. The third column gives the total sample size studied, and the other columns indicate the percentage observed of particular haplogroups.

Population Language group n A B E1a E1b1a E1b1b E2 J R1b T Reference
Afro-Asiatic Afro-Asiatic (AA) 236 5.5 3.8 0.4 3.3 34.8 0.8 19.5 20.8 3.8 Wood 2005
Alur Nilotic (NS) 9 22 0 0 11 0 67 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Amhara (Ethiopia) Semitic (AA) 48 14.6 2.1 0 45.8 0 33.3 0 4.2 Hassan 2008
Bamileke Grassfields (NC) 85 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 Luis 2004
Bantus (Gabon) Bantu (NC) 795 0.5 6.7 0.2 79.4 0.1 6.2 0 5.5 0 Berniell 2009
Bantus (Kenya) Bantu (NC) 29 13.8 3.4 0 51.7 13.7 17.2 0 0 0 Hurles 2005
Bantus (Tanzania) Bantu (NC) 110 2.7 9.1 48.2 21.8 16.4 0 0 1.8
Bantus (South Africa) Southern Bantu (NC) 137 5.1 10.9 0 54.7 4.4 21.2 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Bantus (South-Eastern) Bantu (NC) 343 5.0 16.3 66.2 1.5 10.2 0 Naidoo 2010
Beja Cushitic (AA) 42 4.8 0 0 0 52.4 0 38.1 4.8 0 Hassan 2008
Benin (Fon) Gbe (NC) 100 0 0 0 95 0 5 0 0 0 Luis 2004
Berbers Berber (AA) 64 3 0 2 5 80 0 6 0 0 Cruciani2002
Bissagos Islands Bijagó, Niger–Congo (NC) 21 76.2 14.3 Rosa 2007
Burkina Faso Niger–Congo (NC) 106 0 0.9 3.8 81.1 2.8 11.3 0 0 0 Cruciani2002
Burunge Cushitic (AA) 24 0 25 4 33 Tishkoff 2007
Cameroon (North) Adamawa (NC) 72 1.4 12.5 4.2 54.2 0 0 0 27.8 0 Cruciani2002
Cameroon (North) Chadic (AA) 54 1.8 3.7 0 13.0 3.7 7.4 0 70.4 0 Cruciani2002
Cameroon (South) Grassfields (NC) 89 0 5.6 0 93.3 0 0 0 1.1 0 Cruciani2002
R.D. Congo (East) Bantu (NC) 36 2.8 0 0 63.9 13.9 19.4 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Copts (Sudanese) Arabic (AA) 33 0 15.2 0 0 21.2 0 45.5 15.2 Hassan 2008
Cross River (Nigeria) Cross River (NC) 1113 0 87 0 0 0 Veeramah2010
Datog Nilotic (NS) 35 3 3 11 54 Tishkoff 2007
Daza (Chad) Saharan (NS) 11.1 5.6 33.3 44.4

Shriner 2018

Dinka Nilotic (NS) 26 62 23 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 Hassan 2008
Dogon Dogon 55 1.8 7.3 45.5 43.6 0 1.8 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Ethiopians Afro-Asiatic (AA) 242 17.8 0.8 0 48.8 0.4 26.9 0 3.7 Moran 2004
Ethiopian Jews Semitic (AA) 22 41 0 0 0 50 0 5 0 5 Cruciani2002
Fulbe (Burkina Faso & Cameroon) Senegambian (NC) 37 5.4 0 29.7 48.6 0 0 8.1 Cruciani2002
Fulbe (Guinea-Bissau) Senegambian (NC) 59 13.6 1.7 Rosa 2007
Fulbe (Sudan) Senegambian (NC) 26 0 0 0 0 34.6 0 0 53.8 0 Hassan 2008
Fulbe (Niger) Senegambian (NC) 7 14.3 Cruciani2010
Fur Fur (NS) 32 31.3 3.1 0 0 59.4 0 6.3 0 0 Hassan 2008
Ghana Kwa (NC) 91 0 0 2.2 92.3 1.1 0 0 1.1 0 Wood 2005
Guinea-Bissau NC 282 3.2 0.4 15.6 72.0 6.0 0.7 0 0.7 0 Rosa 2007
Hadza Hadza (Isolate/KS) 80 0 57.5 26.2 15.0 Tishkoff 2007
Hausa (Sudan) Chadic (AA) 32 12.5 15.6 0 12.5 3.1 0 0 40.6 0 Hassan 2008
Hema Northeast Bantu (NC) 18 6 0 2.2 28 28 39 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Herero Bantu 24 4.2 70.8 12.5 I = 4.2%; R1a = 4.2%. (Wood 2005)
Hutu (Rwanda) Northeast Bantu (NC) 69 0 4 0 83 3 8 0 1 0 Luis 2004
Igbo Igboid (NC) 209 A3b2=0 89.3 0 0 Veeramah 2010
Iraqw Cushitic (AA) 9 0 22 0 11 56 0 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Kanembu Saharan (NS) 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 Shriner 2018
Khoisan Khoisan (KS) 90 47.7 14.4 0 24.4 6.7 2.2 1.1 0 0 Wood 2005
Khoisan Khoisan (KS) 183 44.3 11.5 0 23.0 16.4 1.6 0 1.6 0 Naidoo 2010
Khoisan (South Africa) Khoisan (KS) 129 33.3 12.4 0 35.7 14.7 3.9 0 0 0 Tishkoff 2007
Kikuyu & Kamba


Northeast Bantu (NC) 42 2 2 0 73 19 0 0 0 0 Wood 2005[dead link]
ǃKung Northern Khoisan (KS) 64 36 8 0 39 11 6 0 0 0 Cruciani2002
Luo Nilotic (NS) 9 11 22 0 66 0 0 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Maasai Nilotic (NS) 26 27 8 0 16 50 0 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Malagasy Malayo-Polynesian 35 0 8.6 0 34.3 0 8.6 5.7 0 O = 34.3% (Hurles 2005)
Mandinka Mande 39 5 3 3 79 8 3 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Mandinka (Guinea-Bissau) Mande 45 86.7 4.4 Rosa 2007
Masalit Maban (NS) 32 18.8 3.1 0 0 71.9 0 6.3 0 0 Hassan 2008
Mossi Gur (NC) 49 0 2 90 2 Tishkoff 2007
Namibia (Nama) Khoikhoi (KS) 11 64 0 0 18 9 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Nande Northeast Bantu (NC) 18 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Niger–Congo Niger–Congo (NC) 705 2.7 9.6 4.5 68.2 3.9 6.9 0.1 1.4 0 Wood 2005
Nilo-Saharan Nilo-Saharan 91 12.1 35.2 0 29.7 14.3 8.8 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Nilo-Saharan Nilo-Saharan 345 23.2 17.4 9.9 33.9 2.6 6.1 Wood 2005, Hassan 2008,
Tishkoff 2007, Cruciani 2002
Nubians Nubian(NS), Arabic(AA) 39 0 7.7 0 0 23.1 0 43.6 10.3 0 Hassan 2008
Nuba Nuba (NS) 28 46.4 14.3 0 0 39.3 0 0 0 0 Hassan 2008
Nuer Nilotic (NS) 12 33.3 50 0 0 16.7 0 0 0 0 Hassan 2008
Oromo (Ethiopia) Cushitic (AA) 78 10.3 1.3 0 62.8 1.3 3.8 0 5.1 Hassan 2008
Ouldeme Chadic (AA) 13 95.5 Cruciani2010
Pygmy (Mbuti) Central Sudanic (NS) 47 2 59 0 34 0 4 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Pygmy (Western) Niger–Congo (NC) 60 5 53.3 28.3 0 0 3.3 0 Berniell 2009
São Tomé and Príncipe Indo-European 150 1.3 0 0 84.0 0 0 8.7 0 Gonçalves 2008
Sandawe Sandawe (tentative/KS) 68 4 14 43 34 Tishkoff 2007
Senegalese Niger–Congo (NC) 139 0 0 5.0 81.3 6.5 2.9 0 0 0 Hassan 2008
Shilluk Nilotic (NS) 15 53.3 26.7 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 Hassan 2008
Shuwa Arabs Arabic (AA) 5 40 Cruciani2010
Somalis Cushitic (AA) 201 0.5 1.0 0 1.5 81.1 0.5 3.0 0 10.4 R1a=1, Sanchez2005
South African Whites Indo-European 157 0 0 0.6 0.6 9.6 0 3.8 51.6 Others=33.8
Sudan (Arabs) Semitic (AA) 102 2.9 0 0 0 16.7 0 47.1 15.7 0 Hassan 2008
South Sudan (Nilotic) Nilotic (NS) 81 50.6 24.7 0 0 24.7 0 0 0 Hassan 2008
West Sudan (Darfur) Nilo-Saharan (NS) 90 27.8 2.2 0 0 62.2 0 4.4 0 Hassan 2008
Tuareg (Burkina Faso) Berber (AA) 38 0 16.7 77.8 0 0 Pereira 2010
Tuareg (Mali) Berber (AA) 21 0 9.1 90.9 0 0 Pereira 2010
Tuareg (Niger) Berber (AA) 31 0 44.4 16.7 0 33.3 Pereira 2010
Tutsi (Rwanda) Northeast Bantu (NC) 94 0 15 0 80 1 4 0 0 0 Luis 2004
Wolof Senegambian (NC) 34 0 0 12.0 68.0 12.0 3.0 0 0 Wood 2005
Yoruba Defoid (NC) 13 0 8 0 92 0 0 0 0 0 Tishkoff 2007
Yoruba Defoid (NC) 28 93.1 IHC 2005
Yoruba Defoid (NC) 21 4.8 Cruciani 2010
Xhosa Southern Bantu (NC) 80 5 5 0 54 5 28 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Zulu Southern Bantu (NC) 29 3 20 0 55 0 21 0 0 0 Wood 2005

See also


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