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Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye [ˈtyɾcije]), officially the Republic of Turkey, is a country located mainly on Anatolia in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkans in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest; the Black Sea to the north; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea to the west. Turks form the vast majority of the nation's population and Kurds are the largest minority. Ankara is Turkey's capital, while Istanbul, the Imperial capital, is its largest city and financial centre.

One of the world's earliest permanently settled regions, present-day Turkey was home to important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe, and was inhabited by ancient civilisations such as the Hattians, other Anatolian peoples and Mycenaean Greeks. Following the conquests of Alexander the Great which started the Hellenistic period, most of the ancient regions in modern Turkey were culturally Hellenised, which continued during the Byzantine era. The Seljuk Turks began migrating in the 11th century, and the Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into small Turkish principalities. Beginning in the late 13th century, the Ottomans united the principalities and conquered the Balkans, and the Turkification of Anatolia increased during the Ottoman period. After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453, Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power. From the late 18th century onwards, the empire's power declined with a gradual loss of territories. Mahmud II started a period of modernisation in the early 19th century. The Young Turk Revolution of 1908 restricted the authority of the Sultan and restored the Ottoman Parliament after a 30-year suspension, ushering the empire into a multi-party period. The 1913 coup d'état put the country under the control of the Three Pashas, who facilitated the Empire's entry into World War I as part of the Central Powers in 1914. During the war, the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Assyrian subjects. After its defeat in the war, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned.

The Turkish War of Independence against the occupying Allied Powers resulted in the abolition of the Sultanate on 1 November 1922, the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne (which superseded the Treaty of Sèvres) on 24 July 1923 and the proclamation of the Republic on 29 October 1923. With the reforms initiated by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkey became a secular, unitary and parliamentary republic. Turkey played a prominent role in the Korean War and joined NATO in 1952. The country endured several military coups in the latter half of the 20th century. The economy was liberalised in the 1980s, leading to stronger economic growth and political stability. The parliamentary republic was replaced with a presidential system by referendum in 2017. Since then, the new Turkish governmental system under president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his party, the AKP, has often been described as Islamist and authoritarian. The latter's rule over the country has also led to numerous currency crises, increasing inflation and economic decline, as well as a rise in poverty.

Turkey is a regional power and a newly industrialized country, with a geopolitically strategic location. Its economy, which is classified among the emerging and growth-leading economies, is the twentieth-largest in the world by nominal GDP, and the eleventh-largest by PPP. It is a charter member of the United Nations, an early member of NATO, the IMF, and the World Bank, and a founding member of the OECD, OSCE, BSEC, OIC, and G20. After becoming one of the early members of the Council of Europe in 1950, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995, and started accession negotiations with the European Union in 2005. (Full article...)

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The confiscation of Armenian properties by the Ottoman and Turkish governments involved seizure of the assets, properties and land of the country's Armenian community. Starting with the Hamidian massacres in the mid-1890s and peaking during the Armenian genocide, the confiscation of the Armenian property lasted continuously until 1974. Much of the confiscations during the Armenian genocide were made after the Armenians were deported into the Syrian Desert with the government declaring their goods and assets left behind as "abandoned". Virtually all properties owned by Armenians living in their ancestral homeland in Western Armenia were confiscated and later distributed among the local Muslim population.

Historians argue that the mass confiscation of Armenian properties was an important factor in forming the economic basis of the Turkish Republic while endowing the Turkish economy with capital. The appropriation led to the formation of a new Turkish bourgeoisie and middle class. (Full article...)

List of selected articles
Karagöz and Hacivat Doner kebab Alanya Istanbul Cappadocia Göbekli Tepe Turkish art Seljuk Empire Ottoman Empire Occupation of Constantinople İzmir Ankara Bursa Adana Censorship in Turkey Turkish literature Human rights in Turkey Antioch Economy of Turkey Turkish State Railways Great fire of Smyrna Istanbul Atatürk Airport Turkey national football team Turkish Airlines 2018–2021 Turkish currency and debt crisis Media of Turkey 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt Turkish people Old Bridge, Hasankeyf Anatolia Turkish War of Independence 2004 Istanbul summit Mount Ararat Night Attack at Târgoviște Kilim motifs Great Zab 2010 Turkish Grand Prix Landing at Anzac Cove TCG Heybeliada Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park Surb Karapet Monastery Bridge near Limyra Pınargözü Cave Gallipoli campaign Cathedral of Ani Harpy Tomb Mount Erciyes Walls of Constantinople Turkey at the 2014 Winter Paralympics Topkapı Palace Bosporus

General images

The following are images from various Turkey-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Ahmed Hamdi Akseki Mosque (2013) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 2Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2017 (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 3Topkapı Palace, Istanbul. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 4Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 5Isbank Tower 1 (1995–2000) in Levent district of Istanbul (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 6Turkish Delight (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 7Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC) (from History of Turkey)
Image 8View of Bursa from the hills near Mount Uludağ, the ancient Mysian Olympus (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 9Members of the Bayar cabinet wearing a white tie and top hat. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 10Istanbul and the Bosphorus (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 11View of Beydağları Coastal National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 12Turkish national basketball team won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 13Istanbul Sapphire (2006–11) is the tallest building in Turkey and 4th in Europe. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 14Kaçkar Mountains (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 15Fault lines and earthquakes (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 16Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. (from History of Turkey)
Image 17One of the main entrance gates of the Dolmabahçe Palace. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 18View from Maslak district in Istanbul. Istanbul's skyline has changed especially since the early 2000s. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 19Ankara (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 20A view from the interior of a traditional Turkish house, by John Frederick Lewis (1805–1875) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 21Mehmed II enters Constantinople by Fausto Zonaro (from History of Turkey)
Image 22Anıtkabir designed by Emin Halid Onat and Ahmet Orhan Arda (1944–53) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 23Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) was a prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 24Beaches and marina of Kemer near Antalya on the Turkish Riviera (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 25Topographic map of Turkey (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 26Orhan Veli Kanık was the founder of the Garip Movement in Turkish poetry. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 27Köppen climate types of Turkey (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 28Şakirin Mosque (2005–09) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 29Skycrapers in Levent district of Istanbul (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 30An Oil wrestling tournament in Istanbul. This has been the national sport of Turkey since Ottoman times. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 31The sultan of the golden age, Suleiman the Magnificent. (from History of Turkey)
Image 32Interior of the Şakirin Mosque (2005–09) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 33Mount Ararat (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 34Turkish coffee (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 35Interior of the Sultanahmet Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 36Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolific Turkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of the Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 37Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) (from History of Turkey)
Image 38Antalya (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 39Aynalıkavak Palace (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 40View of Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 41Nuri Bilge Ceylan won a number of awards in the annual Cannes Film Festival, including the best director award at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival for his film Üç Maymun ("Three Monkeys"). He has also won five FIPRESCI awards. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 42Ankara Opera House, designed by Şevki Balmumcu (1933–34) and renovation by Paul Bonatz (1946–47). (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 43Esenboğa International Airport, Ankara (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 44Designed by Şekip Akalın, Ankara Central Station (1937) is a notable art deco design of its era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 45The Ishak Pasha Palace, Eastern Turkey. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 46Istanbul (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 47Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-century Ottoman Empire. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 48Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters of the traditional Turkish shadow play, popularized during the Ottoman period. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 49Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 50Istanbul University Faculty of Science and Faculty of Literature Buildings (1944–52) designed by Sedad Hakkı Eldem and Emin Onat (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 51Mount Erciyes near Kayseri (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 52Originally a church, later a mosque, and now a Grand mosque, the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul was built by the Byzantines in the 6th century. (from History of Turkey)
Image 53Map showing the Anatolian Plate, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault in Turkey. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 54First Ziraat Bank Headquarters (1925–29) in Ankara designed by Giulio Mongeri is an important symbol of the First National Architectural Movement. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 55Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. (from Culture of Turkey)

Did you know - show different entries

... that it was discovered that about 10,000 Muslim graves in Cebeci Asri Cemetery, Ankara, Turkey were not oriented in the direction required by Islam? (March 29, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 130
... that the Balık sisters from Turkey claim to be the only identical twins who are both professional opera singers? (March 22, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 129
... that Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan erected a Koranic school and an elementary school near the Ese Kapi Mosque in Istanbul? (May 9, 2012)
... that the land of Haydarpaşa Cemetery, a burial ground in Istanbul, Turkey for British Commonwealth soldiers from three wars, belonged to Suleiman the Magnificent? (May 16, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 141
... that the McGhee Center for Eastern Mediterranean Studies in Alanya is run by Georgetown University as the only independent study program in Turkey? (November 12, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 185

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Image 1Aydilge Sarp; Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
Image 2A faculty of Sakarya University
Image 3The ancient Lake Abant Nature Park in Bolu
Image 418th-century Ottoman barber's apron
Image 5Cappadocia
Image 6the Bosphorus Bridge
Image 7Rize
Image 8Male Bellydancer in Istanbul
Image 9Ölüdeniz
Image 10Hrant Dink funeral
Image 11Kemer
Image 12Flag of Turkey, from flowers
Image 13The tughra of Mahmud II. "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").
Image 14Iznik, 16th-century vase
Image 15Safranbolu
Image 16A Kocek
Image 171. picture on portal: The prominent towers of Dayro d-Mor Gabriel; 15th December 2005
Image 18Tünel, Istanbul
Image 19Antalya
Image 20The sun setting over the Golden Horn in the city of Istanbul.
Image 21Tarkan with Hungarian fans
Image 22Lahmacun
Image 23The Temple of Athena at Priene, an ancient site near Turunçlar in Aydın province.
Image 24A tram in Istanbul
Image 25An airplane with a nazar boncuğu symbol that is said to offer protection from the "evil eye".
Image 26Atatürk praying
Image 27Yagli gures
Image 28the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne

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İnönü in 1938

Mustafa İsmet İnönü (Turkish pronunciation: [isˈmet ˈinœny]; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish army officer and statesman, who served as the second President of Turkey from 11 November 1938 to 22 May 1950, and its Prime Minister three times: from 1923 to 1924, 1925 to 1937, and 1961 to 1965.

İnönü is acknowledged by many as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's right-hand man, with their friendship going back to the Gallipoli campaign. In the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, he served as the first Chief of the General Staff (Turkish: Erkân-ı Harbiye-i Umumiye Reis Vekili) from 1922 to 1924 for the regular Turkish army, during which he commanded the forces of the battles of First and Second İnönü. Mustafa Kemal bestowed İsmet with the surname İnönü, where the battles took place, when the 1934 Surname Law was adopted. He was also chief negotiator in the Mudanya and Lausanne conferences for the Ankara government, successfully negotiating away the Sevre treaty for the Treaty of Lausanne. As his Prime Minister for most of his presidency İnönü executed many of Atatürk's modernizing and nationalist reforms. İnönü is also noted of being the main perpetrator of the Zilan Massacre. (Full article...)

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Burak Yılmaz Piri Reis Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Ahmet Necdet Sezer Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Fethullah Gülen Nureddin Pasha Tuncay Şanlı Sıla (singer) Orhan Pamuk Erol Gelenbe Kemal Derviş Hande Yener Sertab Erener Said Altınordu Tarkan (singer) Junayd of Aydın Daron Acemoglu

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U.S. President Barack Obama and Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey speak to the media after the two leaders met at the White House, December 7, 2009

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Videos from Turkey on Wikimedia Commons

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“

Everything we see in the world is the creative work of women.

”

~ Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

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Turkish proverbs in Wikiquote

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Recognized content

	Alanya, Byzantine Empire, SMS Goeben, The Turk, List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Istanbul, Italian War of 1521–1526, Italian War of 1542–1546, List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire, Rhodes blood libel
	2004 Istanbul summit, 2008 Turkish Grand Prix, Battle of Manzikert, Battle of Marash, Battle of Vaslui, Church of St. Polyeuctus, First Crusade, Great Zab, Hood event, Limyra Bridge, Siege of Szigetvár, Night Attack at Târgoviște, Third Perso-Turkic War, Walls of Constantinople, Gallipoli Campaign, Battle of Lone Pine